Table 1. Demographics and clinical and biochemical characteristics in patients with CKD stages 2 – 5D.
| Demographic and clinical parameters | Control | CKD-2 | CKD-3 | CKD-4/5 | CKD-5D | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 18 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 64 | |
| Age | 55 ± 12 | 63 ± 10 | 65 ± 14 | 56 ± 15 | 53 ± 13 | N.S. |
| Gender (F, %) | 100% | 73% | 75% | 78% | 59% | |
| Race (Caucasian, %) | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 75% | |
| Race (Black, %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22% | |
| Dialysis vintage, median (month) | 66 (48 – 95) | |||||
| High turnover (%) | 22% | 9% | 25% | 22% | 44% | |
| Patients with diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 0 | 13% | 44% | 27% | |
| Tx with active 1,25D | 11% | 27% | 6% | 33% | 40% | |
| Tx with phosphate binders (%) | 0 | 0 | 6% | 11% | 97% | |
| Sevelamer and lanthanum (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48% | |
| Calcium containing (%) | 0 | 0 | 3% | 11% | 62% | |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | N.S. |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.6 ± 0.6a | 3.9 ± 0.7a | 3.6 ± 0.5a | 4.2 ± 0.6ab | 5.4 ± 1.6b | < 0.001 |
| BSAP (U/L) | 27 [22 – 32]ab | 24 [16 – 31]ab | 26 [20 – 29]ab | 23 [16 – 26]a | 38 [27 – 109]b | 0.002 |
| TRAP5b (U/L) | 3.7 [2.6 – 4.5]ab | 3.8 [2.9 – 4.7]ab | 2.8 [2.1 – 3.8]a | 2.3 [2.0 – 4.6]ab | 5.0 [3.6 – 8.0]b | < 0.001 |
| FGF-23 (pg/mL) | 57 [35 – 76]a | 67 [33 – 78]a | 76 [62 – 89]a | 230 [122 – 288]a | 3,398 [458 – 11,799]b | < 0.001 |
| Sclerostin (pg/mL) | 744 [579 – 900]a | 981 [834 – 1,776]ab | 1,181 [961 – 1,249]b | 1,205 [985 – 1,621]b | 2,854 [1,187 – 3,727]c | < 0.001 |
| 1,25D (ng/mL) | 58 [29 – 88]a | 47 [25 – 57]a | 40 [30 – 40]ab | 42 [18 – 42]ab | 4 [3.5 – 5.2]b | < 0.001 |
| Total PTH (pg/mL) | 33 [21 – 50]a | 37 [26 – 42]ab | 52 [31 – 77]ab | 152 [100 – 183]bc | 231 [68 – 645]c | < 0.001 |
Tx = treatment; BSAP = bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; TRAP5b = tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; 1,25D = 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; total PTH = total parathyroid hormone; FGF-23 = fibroblast growth factor-23. Results are given as mean ± SD, median [25 – 75 percentiles] or number of patients and percent (%) of total number of patients. p-value represents tests of significance from one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Mean or median values with different letters are significantly different, p < 0.05.