Table 1.
Participants' characteristics according to perinatal period, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Pregnancy |
Postpartum |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 pandemic |
COVID-19 pandemic |
||||||||
| Before |
During |
Total |
Before |
During |
Total |
||||
|
n = 1402 n (%) |
n = 748 n (%) |
N = 2150 N (%) |
p |
n = 993 n (%) |
n = 648 n (%) |
N = 1641 N (%) |
p | ||
| Age | ≤24 | 254 (18.5) | 36 (5.1) | 290 (14.0) | < 0.001 | 156 (15.9) | 24 (3.9) | 180 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
| 25–35 | 870 (63.5) | 438 (62.2) | 1308 (63.0) | 642 (65.2) | 382 (61.8) | 1024 (63.9) | |||
| ≥36 | 247 (18.0) | 230 (32.7) | 477 (23.0) | 186 (18.9) | 212 (34.3) | 398 (24.8) | |||
| Missing | 1371 | 704 | 2075 | 984 | 618 | 1602 | |||
| Country of birth | Native | 1252 (91.1) | 590 (91.6) | 1842 (91.3) | 0.714 | 893 (90.8) | 534 (92.1) | 1427 (91.2) | 0.374 |
| Foreign | 122 (8.9) | 54 (8.4) | 176 (8.7) | 91 (9.2) | 46 (7.9) | 137 (8.8) | |||
| Missing | 28 | 104 | 132 | 984 | 580 | 1564 | |||
| Education | ≤ 9 years of education | 356(26.0) | 7 (1.0) | 363(17.3) | < 0.001 | 235(23.9) | 8(1.3) | 243(15.0) | |
| 10–12 years of education | 443 (32.4) | 167 (22.8) | 610 (29.1) | 300 (30.5) | 145 (22.7) | 445 (27.5) | < 0.001 | ||
| Higher education1 | 569 (41.6) | 557 (76.2) | 1126 (53.6) | 447 (45.5) | 486 (76.1) | 933 (57.6) | |||
| Missing | 1368 | 731 | 2099 | 982 | 639 | 1621 | |||
| Employment status | Unemployed or other2 | 371 (27.1) | 232 (31.1) | 603 (28.5) | 0.051 | 231 (23.5) | 74 (11.5) | 305 (18.7) | < 0.001 |
| Employed | 997 (72.9) | 513 (68,9) | 1510 (71.5) | 752 (76.5) | 572 (88.5) | 1324 (81.3) | |||
| Missing | 1368 | 745 | 2113 | 983 | 646 | 1629 | |||
| Marital status | Married/cohabiting | 1100 (80.4) | 690 (94.4) | 1790 (85.3) | < 0.001 | 813 (82.9) | 613 (95.9) | 1426 (88.0) | < 0.001 |
| Other situation3 | 268 (19.6) | 41 (5.6) | 309 (14.7) | 168 (17.1) | 26 (4.1) | 194 (12.0) | |||
| Missing | 1368 | 731 | 2099 | 981 | 639 | 1620 | |||
| History of mental health problems | Yes4 | 326 (23.9) | 207 (28.0) | 533 (25.3) | 0.039 | 233 (23.7) | 180 (27.9) | 413 (25.4) | 0.059 |
| No | 1039 (76.1) | 533 (72.0) | 1572 (74.7) | 750 (78.3) | 466 (72.1) | 1216 (74.6) | |||
| Missing | 1365 | 740 | 2105 | 983 | 646 | 1629 | |||
| Parity | Nulliparous/Primiparous | 979 (70.3) | 628 (88.1) | 1607 (78.3) | < 0.001 | 723 (73.2) | 360 (56.3) | 1083 (66.6) | < 0.001 |
| Multiparous | 413 (29.7) | 85 (11.9) | 498 (23.7) | 265 (26.8) | 279 (43.7) | 544 (33.4) | |||
| Missing | 1392 | 713 | 2105 | 988 | 639 | 1627 | |||
| Risk pregnancy5 | Yes | 202(16.5) | 199(27.0) | 401(20.4) | < 0.001 | 156(15.9) | 178(29.9) | 334(21.2) | < 0.001 |
| No | 1025(83.5) | 538(73.0) | 1563(79.6) | 824(84.1) | 417(70.1) | 1241(78.8) | |||
| Missing | 175 | 11 | 186 | 13 | 53 | 66 | |||
Notes. 1bachelor, master's degree or postgraduate diploma2Other includes student/housewife3;Other situation includes single/separated/divorced/widow4;Any mental health problem ever in life5;Risk pregnancy includes age over 40 or gestational diabetes or hypertension or short cervix or other clinical condition; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease.