Table 3.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes as median (IQR).
| Control group∗ | ESP group∗ | P value∗∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 50) | (n = 50) | ||
| Length of hospital stay (days, median (IQR)) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | 0.68 |
|
| |||
| VAS a score postoperative (mg, median (IQR)) | |||
| An admission to PACU | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.15 |
| At 60 min | 2 (2-3) | 1 (1-2) | <0.001 |
| At 4 hoursb | 4 (3-5) | 2 (1-3) | <0.001 |
| At 8 hours | 5 (4-5) | 3 (2-3) | <0.001 |
| At 12 hours | 5 (4.75–5.25) | 2 (2-3) | <0.001 |
| At 24 hours | 5 (4-5) | 5 (5-6) | <0.001 |
| At 48 hours | 3 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Opioid postoperative treatment (mg, median (IQR)) | |||
| An admission to PACU | 10 (10-10) | 10 (5–10) | 0.002 |
| At 60 min | 10 (5–10) | 5 (0–5) | <0.001 |
| At 4 hours | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| At 8 hours | 1.5 (0–3) | 0 (0–0.75) | <0.001 |
| At 12 hours | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0) | 0.0017 |
| At 24 hours | 0 (0–0.75) | 1.5 (0–3) | 0.002 |
| At 48 hours | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.15 |
|
| |||
| Additional non-opioid postoperative analgesia c management (n, median (IQR)) | |||
| At 4 hours | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| At 8 hours | 1 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | <0.001 |
| At 12 hours | 1 (0-1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| At 24 hours | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0-1) | 0.159 |
| At 48 hours | 1 (0-1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
∗ Control group: patients received standard pain control treatment; ESP group: patients received ESP block in addition to standard pain control treatment. ∗∗Data are considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. aVAS: Visual Analog Scale for pain assessment. bAt the regular general surgery ward. cNon-opioid postoperative analgesic management includes 125 mg IV tramadol + 1.25 g PO metamizole.