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. 2023 Jun 15;2023:3236911. doi: 10.1155/2023/3236911

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The effects of GDFMD on autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in the liver of mouse models of WD. Expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 was observed using immunofluorescence staining (a); the protein levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, Beclin-1, p62, and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (b) in liver tissues of mice from the normal, model, Gandoufumu (high dose, low dose, and middle dose), and penicillamine groups. Data is depicted in terms of mean ± SD (n = 10). ∗P < 0.05 compared with the normal group; △P < 0.05 compared with the model group.