Table 2.

Results from multivariable regression analyses for the association of the presence of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms with work ability outcomes at 12 months after diagnosis of primary infection (symptoms vs. no symptoms) within subgroups based on sex, age group, comorbidity count, or history of psychiatric diagnosis.

Interaction	Current work ability			Physical demands			Mental demands			Future (2 years)
	N	Adj. Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	N	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	N	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	N	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
Male vs. female	634			633			631			633
Female		−0.82 (−1.23 to −0.42)	<0.0001		0.37 (0.22–0.62)	0.0002		0.40 (0.23–0.67)	0.0006		0.54 (0.23–1.27)	0.16
Male		−0.30 (−0.81 to 0.21)	0.25		0.22 (0.11–0.43)	<0.0001		0.42 (0.22–0.81)	0.0092		0.48 (0.14–1.64)	0.24
Differencea		0.53 (−0.12 to 1.17)	0.11		0.60 (0.26–1.38)	0.23		1.06 (0.46–2.42)	0.89		0.89 (0.21–3.88)	0.88
40–64 years vs. 18–39 years	634			633			631			633
18–39 years		−0.27 (−0.86 to 0.32)	0.37		0.74 (0.33–1.65)	0.46		0.69 (0.33–1.44)	0.32		0.93 (0.19–4.45)	0.92
40–64 years		−0.78 (−1.16 to −0.40)	<0.0001		0.20 (0.12–0.34)	<0.0001		0.33 (0.20–0.55)	<0.0001		0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.040
Differencea		−0.51 (−1.20 to 0.19)	0.15		0.27 (0.11–0.71)	0.0064		0.48 (0.20–1.17)	0.11		0.46 (0.08–2.67)	0.37
≥2 comorbidities vs. 0–1 comorbidityb	634			633			631			633
0–1 comorbidity		−0.64 (−0.97 to −0.31)	0.0001		0.31 (0.20–0.47)	<0.0001		0.39 (0.26–0.60)	<0.0001		0.46 (0.22–0.96)	0.040
≥2 comorbidities		−0.92 (−2.34 to 0.50)	0.20		0.10 (0.01–0.79)	0.028		0.52 (0.08–3.34)	0.49		1.19 (0.10–14.80)	0.89
Differencea		−0.28 (−1.74 to 1.18)	0.70		0.34 (0.04–2.67)	0.31		1.32 (0.20–8.90)	0.78		2.59 (0.19–36.17)	0.46
History of psychiatric diagnosis vs. no history of psychiatric diagnosis	634			633			631			633
No history of psychiatric diagnosis		−0.39 (−0.74 to −0.04)	0.031		0.28 (0.17–0.44)	<0.0001		0.35 (0.22–0.55)	<0.0001		0.49 (0.22–1.08)	0.077
History of psychiatric diagnosis		−1.73 (−2.47 to −0.99)	<0.0001		0.49 (0.18–1.31)	0.15		0.88 (0.33–2.35)	0.80		0.65 (0.15–2.76)	0.56
Differencea		−1.34 (−2.15 to −0.54)	0.0010		1.76 (0.60–5.17)	0.30		2.55 (0.88–7.38)	0.086		1.33 (0.27–6.67)	0.72

Adj., adjusted; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

^aDifferences are interpreted as the difference in adjusted mean score differences (current work ability) or adjusted odds ratios (work ability related to physical and mental demands, estimated future work ability in 2 years) for the comparison between individuals with self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms compared with those without symptoms, quantifying the extent of effect modification for the respective stratification variable. P-values for differences were calculated using likelihood ratio tests for models with and without interaction term for the respective stratification variable. We used multivariable linear regression models (current work ability) and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models (work ability related to physical and mental demands, estimated future work ability in 2 years) including an interaction term for the respective stratification variable and adjusted for age (or age group for the corresponding analysis), sex, education status, baseline EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), comorbidity count (as a continuous variable, or as a dichotomous categorical variable for the corresponding analysis), history of psychiatric diagnosis, and hospitalisation due to COVID-19.

^bComorbidities were assessed as any of the following: hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, past or present malignancy, or immune suppression.