Table 3.
Risk of WNVF, WNVD, or WNND for subjects carrying auto-Abs neutralizing specific sets of type I IFNs, relative to the general population, with adjustment for age and sex and risk of WNVD by age group
| Anti-type I IFN auto-Ab (amount of type I IFN neutralized, in plasma diluted 1:10) | WNV group | OR [95% CI] | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNVF | 9.3 [5.1–17.1] | 4.2 × 10−13 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) | WNVF | 9.2 [4.4–19.0] | 2.3 × 10−9 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 7.3 [4.1–12.8] | 6.6 × 10−12 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNVF | 15.8 [6.9–36.3] | 7.0 × 10−11 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 20.4 [9.2–45.7] | 1.8 × 10−13 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 20.0 [8.8–45.2] | 6.5 × 10−13 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 15.2 [7.4–31.0] | 9.1 × 10−14 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 36.0 [13.7–94.6] | 3.7 × 10−13 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNVD (all) | 24.9 [19.3–32.2] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
25.0 [15.4–40.6] 28.2 [20.6–38.6] 34.1 [22.5–51.6] 21.9 [15.7–30.7] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) | WNVD (all) | 30.1 [23.0–39.3] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
54.8 [29.6–101.6] 28.3 [20.9–38.4] 59.3 [36.1–97.4] 22.9 [16.5–31.7] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 19.0 [15.0–24.0] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
16.8 [10.7–26.3] 22.2 [16.7–29.6] 21.7 [14.9–31.6] 18.5 [13.5–25.2] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNVD (all) | 54.5 [39.3–75.6] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
304.6 [99.4–933.3] 43.9 [30.8–62.5] 284.8 [117.1–692.2] 32.6 [22.4–47.4] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 59.9 [44.4–80.9] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
139.2 [77.6–249.7] 42.4 [30.2–59.6] 141.5 [87.0–230.4] 32.4 [22.5–46.7] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 73.2 [54.9–97.6] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
185.6 [96.0–359.0] 54.7 [39.8–75.0] 193.6 [113.8–329.5] 41.2 [29.4–57.8] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 50.4 [39.0–65.2] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
80.5 [48.6–133.3] 40.9 [30.5–55.0] 88.7 [58.6–134.4] 32.3 [23.5–44.3] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 127.4 [87.1–186.4] | <10−15 |
| WNVD ≤ 65 WNVD > 65 WNVD ≤ 70 WNVD > 70 |
558.1 [201.7–1,544.1] 82.9 [55.2–124.6] 500.9 [224.5–1,117.5] 59.6 [38.8–91.6] |
<10−15 <10−15 <10−15 <10−15 |
|
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNND | 28.2 [21.5–37.0] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) | WNND | 33.0 [24.9–43.9] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNND | 21.1 [16.4–27.1] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) | WNND | 60.6 [43.1–85.1] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNND | 64.3 [46.8–88.4] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) | WNND | 78.8 [58.2–106.8] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNND | 54.3 [41.2–71.5] | <10−15 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) | WNND | 138.4 [93.3–205.4] | <10−15 |
WNND: WNV neuroinvasive disease, a subgroup of WNVD. ≤65, >65, ≤70 and >70 indicate age cut-offs. Anti-IFN-ω and anti-IFN-α2 indicate auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-ω or IFN-α2, respectively, regardless of their effects on other IFNs.