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. 2023 Jun 22;13:10181. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37056-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of antigens and panning strategies used in this study. (a) 7 different snake toxins were used as antigens in this study divided into three different toxin groups: PLA₂ = Phospholipase A₂, LNTX = Long-chain α-neurotoxin, SNTX = Short-chain α-neurotoxin. (b) Three consecutive rounds of panning were performed. Letters refer to the antigen used in the respective panning round, i.e. A = Antigen A. Hyphens (-) denote that this round has not been carried out, i.e. A- = first panning round using antigen A. Green: PLA₂ campaign, blue: LNTX campaign, grey: SNTX campaign.