Table 1.
Summary of anxiety findings in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathy disorders.
| Diagnosis | Age (years) | Average disease duration (years) | Subject number | Sex (males/females) | Country | Evaluation method | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD | 61.2 + 10.4 | 3.8 ± 3.5 | 105 PD | 79/26 | India | PAS | 53.5% PD patients with anxiety63 |
| 67.2 ± 10.6 | n.a. | 100 PD | 61/39 | Italy |
PAS DSM-IV-TR |
41% PD patients with anxiety 26% PD patients with anxiety179 |
|
|
71.8 ± 10.7 69 ± 11.3 |
5.8 ± 3.2 |
64 PD 50 HC |
33/31 26/24 |
Egypt | DSM-IV-TR and HAM-A | 20% PD patients with anxiety51 | |
| 63.7 ± 8.9 | 10.9 ± 2.1 | 108 PD | 72/36 | United States | HAMA |
66.7% PD patients with anxiety 55.5% PD patients with anxiety preceding PD diagnosis76 No significant differences in ages of onset regarding sex |
|
|
69.22 ± 7.53 71.64 ± 7.13 |
5.29 ± 3.76 (men) 5.64 ± 3.13 (women) |
48 PD | 32/16 | Turkey | HAMA | 62.8% of PD patients with anxiety180 | |
| 65.32 ± 5.18 | 5.78 ± 1.04 | 90 PD | 47/ 43 | China | HAMA |
22.2% patients with possible anxiety 17.78% patients with definite anxiety181 |
|
|
55 ± 13.5 63.8 ± 11.3 |
7.4 ± 3.9 (SAD) 7.8 ± 5.5 (without SAD) |
110 PD | 52/58 | Brazil | DSM IV-TR | 31% of patients with social anxiety disorder67 | |
| 66.1 ± 9.8 | 8.4 ± 6.9 | 123 PD | 76/47 | Netherlands | BAI | 52.8% of patients with anxiety182 | |
| 64.5 ± 10.3 | 5.1 | 294 PD | 178/116 | Netherlands | BAI | 45% of patients with anxiety64 | |
| >51 | n.a. |
196 PD 196 HC |
121/75 121/75 |
United States |
DSM-IV Longitudinal study |
Anxiety presents 5 years or more before the onset of motor symptoms77 | |
|
59.50 ± 9.4 60.68 ± 8.8 |
2.5 |
115 PD 78 HC |
59/56 36/42 |
China | STAI | 28.7% of patients with anxiety183 | |
|
61.7 60.8 |
6.65 |
423 PD 196 HC |
277/146 126/70 |
International |
STAI-State score STAI-Trait score |
24.6% PD patients with anxiety vs. 7.7% anxiety in healthy controls184 20.1% PD patients with anxiety vs. 9.7% anxiety in healthy controls184 |
|
| DLB | 76.7 ± 6.9 | n.a. | 41 DLB | 17/24 | Belgium | MMSE | 63.4% of patients with anxiety68 |
| 76 ± 7.3 | n.a. | 72 DLB | 40/32 | Norway |
DSM-IV Longitudinal study |
Anxiety declined over time69 | |
| 73 ± 7.4 | n.a. | 92 DLB | 44/48 | Italy | NPI | 67.4% of patients with anxiety and anxiety symptoms worsened over the course of the disease70 | |
| MSA | 59.63 ± 8.39 | 2.35 ± 1.21 | 237 MSA | 111/126 | China | HAMA |
46.8% patients with mild anxiety 25.9% patients with moderate to severe anxiety71 |
| 68.8 ± 6.9 | 6.3 ± 3.9 | 286 MSA | 166/120 | United Kingdom | HADS-A | 54% of patients with anxiety72 | |
| 57.7 ± 7.3 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 47 MSA | 18/29 | Serbia | HAMA | 53% of patients with anxiety73 |
PAS Parkinson anxiety scale, HAMA Hamilton anxiety scale, BAI Beck anxiety inventory, DSM-IV diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, HADS-A self-completed scale with anxiety, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.