Table 2.

Characteristics and main findings of the selected articles (n = 31)

No	Author	Country	Climate	Season of field study	Type of buildings	Ventilation type	Study population (age and sample size)	Comfort temperature range (°C)	Behavioural adaptations
1	Yao et al. 2010	China (Chongqing)	Subtropical	All season	University building	NV + AC	University students Age: 16–40 years old (n = 3621)	16.0–30.0	-Use fan -Cloth adjustment -Drink beverages
2	Teli et al. 2012	UK (Southampton)	Temperate	Spring	School building	NV	Students Age: 7–11 years old (n = 1300)	20.0–24.0	-Cloth adjustment
3	Pellegrino et al. 2012	India (Calcutta)	Tropical	Summer	University building	NV	University students (n = 100)	24.9–32.5	-Use fan
4	Liang et al. 2012	Taiwan (Taichung)	Subtropical	Autumn	Primary and high school building	NV	Students (n = 3754)	22.4–29.2	-Cloth adjustment
5	Rijal 2014	Japan (Kanto)	Temperate	Hot and humid	Japanese houses	NV + AC	Adult (n = 52)	23.0–30.0	-Use AC -Open window -Use fan
6	Baruah et al. 2014	India	Subtropical	Winter and summer	University	NV	Students (n = 228)	22.0–23.5 (winter) 27.3–30.7 (summer)	-Use fan -Open window -Cloth adjustment
7	Yun et al. 2014	Korea (Seoul)	Subtropical	Summer	Kindergarten	NV	Children Age: 4–6 years old (n = 119)	23.0–26.0	-Cloth adjustment
8	De Dear et al. 2015	Australia	Subtropical	Summer	Primary and high school	MM	Student Age: 10–18 years old (n = 2850)	19.5–26.6	-Use AC
9	Singh 2016	India (Chandigarh and Roorkee)	Tropical monsoon and temperate	All season	Multi-stored apartments	NV	Age: 8–80 years old (n = 82)	22.5–30.6	-Open window (less used during extreme summer) -Use fan -Use AC -Use blinds (daytime) -Cloth adjustment -Drink beverages -Change posture
10	Damiati et al. 2016	Malaysia Indonesia Japan Singapore	Tropical and subtropical	All season	University offices and commercial buildings	MM	Building occupants (n = 130)	24.5–30.0	-Use AC -Use fan -Open window and door -Drink beverages -Cloth adjustment
11	Wang et al. 2017	China (Harbin)	Subtropical	Autumn winter spring	University building	MM	University students (n = 30)	16.0–22.4	-Cloth adjustment
12	Liu et al. 2017b	China (Weinan and Wuwei)	Subtropical	Winter	Primary and secondary school buildings	MM	Students Age: 13–15 years old (n = 763)	15.0–20.0	-Cloth adjustment
13	Haddad et al. 2017	Iran (Shiraz)	Desert	All season	Primary school buildings	NV	Age: 10–12 years old (n = 1605)	22.0–25.0	-Cloth adjustment
14	Zaki et al. 2017	Malaysia (Shah Alam and Kuala Lumpur) Japan (Fukuoka)	Tropical and subtropical climate	Hot and humid and summer season	University buildings	MM	Students Age: 20–23 years old (n = 1415)	24.0–28.0	-Use AC -Drink beverages
15	Liu et al. 2017a	China	Subtropical	All season	Residential buildings	MM	Age: 20–60 years old (n = 11,524)	21.02–24.25	-Cloth adjustment -Use fan -Open window
16	Singh et al. 2018	India (Rajasthan)	Tropical	Summer and winter	University building	NV	University students (n = 900)	21.8–32.1	-Open window -Use fan
17	Khalid et al. 2019	Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)	Tropical	Hot and humid season	Hospital buildings	AC	Mean age: 36–38 years old (n = 389)	22.0–28.0	-Cloth adjustment
18	Hossain et al. 2019	Bangladesh (Dhaka and Chittagong)	Tropical	Hot-dry and cold-dry season	Factory buildings	NV	Workers (n = 908)	22.3–31.0	-Use fan -Open windows -Reduce activity level -Tying up hair -Cloth adjustment -Change posture
19	Kumar and Singh 2019	India (Jalandhar, Jaipur)	Tropical monsoon and temperate	All season	Hostel buildings	NV	Students Age: 17–30 years old (n = 827)	25.8–33.8	-Cloth adjustment -Open window -Use fan
20	Rijal et al. 2019a	Japan (Kanto)	Subtropical	All season	Domestic dwellings	MM	Residents (n = 244)	17.0–30.0	-Open window -Use fan -Cloth adjustment
21	Kim et al. 2019	Australia (Sydney)	Subtropical	Summer and winter	University buildings	MM	University staff (n = 31)	23.0–25.0	-Cloth adjustment -Drink beverages -Use fan -Open window -Use AC
22	Wu et al. 2019	China (Chongqing)	Subtropical	Summer	Residential buildings and elderly nursing homes	NV	Elderly (n = 8) Adult (n = 16)	26.0–32.5	-Open window -Use fan -Use AC
23	Korsavi and Montazami 2020	UK (Coventry)	Oceanic	All season	School buildings	NV	School children Age: 9–11 years old (n = 805)	20.2–20.9	-Cloth adjustment -Drink beverages -Use fan -Open window
24	Malik et al. 2020	India (Mumbai)	Tropical monsoon and temperate	Monsoon, winter and summer	Residential buildings	NV	Residents Age: 18–65 years old (n = 705)	26.0–32.0	-Open window -Open door -Use fan -Use AC
25	Budiawan and Tsuzuki 2021	Japan (Toyohashi)	Subtropical	Summer and winter	University dormitory and residential buildings	MM	University students Mean age: 29 years old (n = 18)	23.5–28.1	-Cloth adjustment -Use AC
26	Shrestha et al. 2021	Nepal (Dhading, Kathmandu, and Nuwakot)	Temperate	Middle autumn	School buildings	NV	Students Age: 12–18 years old (n = 818)	25.0–29.0	-Cloth adjustment -Change posture -Reduce activity levels -Drink beverages -Use AC
27	Draganova et al. 2021	Japan (Toyohashi)	Subtropical	Summer	Dormitory buildings	MM	University students Age: 19–31 years old (n = 18)	25.0–29.0	-Use AC
28	Tsuzuki et al. 2021	Japan (Nagoya)	Subtropical	All season	Elder care facilities	MM	Elderly resident (n = 16)	19.0–30.0	-Cloth adjustment -Use fan -Open window
29	Zaki et al. 2021	Malaysia	Tropical	Hot and humid	2-storey residential buildings	AC	Resident Age: 23–35 years old (n = 20)	24.7–25.2	-Use AC -Cloth adjustment (wear less clothing)
30	Sun et al. 2022	China (Xi’an City)	Subtropical	All season	University classrooms	MM	University students Age: 16–21 years old (n = 578)	18.1–19.2	-Open window -Cloth adjustment -Open door -Drink beverages -Use fan -Use curtains -Use AC
31	Zheng et al. 2022	China (Guangzhou)	Subtropical	Summer	Office buildings	AC	Staffs Mean age: 23.5 years old (n = 34)	25.5–28.4	-Cloth adjustment -Use fan

Abbreviations: AC, air-conditioner; MM, mixed-mode; NV, natural ventilation; NV + AC, combination NV and AC