Table 3.

Multinomial logistic regression model results for the effect of wastewater on community health

I have had malaria several times	Parameter estimate	Standard error	Wald	P-value	Odds ratio
Wastewater stream is close (agree = 1)	0.528	1.419	0.139	0.710	1.696
Wastewater flows all the year (agree = 1)	1.033	0.956	1.168	0.280	2.810
Wastewater mixed with water body (agree = 1)	1.664	1.036	2.580	0.108	5.280
Wastewater contaminates water bodies (agree = 1)	1.118	0.972	1.323	0.250	3.058
Wastewater creates swamps (agree = 1)	0.085	0.898	0.009	0.925	1.089
Wastewater creates an off-odor (agree = 1)	0.436	0.869	0.251	0.616	1.546
Wastewater creates flies (agree = 1)	1.503	0.713	4.449	0.035*	4.495
Wastewater creates mosquitoes (agree = 1)	2.534	0.813	9.712	0.002**	12.61
Constant	− 3.911	1.603	5.950	0.015	0.021
Wastewater stream is close (disagree = 2)	− 1.271	1.499	0.719	0.397	0.281
Wastewater flow all the year (disagree = 2)	0.630	1.343	0.220	0.639	1.877
Wastewater mixed with water body (disagree = 2)	2.074	1.242	2.790	0.095	7.956
Wastewater contaminates water bodies (disagree = 2)	− 0.653	1.226	0.284	0.594	0.520
Wastewater creates swamps (disagree = 2)	− 0.834	1.114	0.560	0.454	0.434
Wastewater creates an off-odor (disagree = 2)	1.131	1.150	0.969	0.325	3.100
Wastewater creates flies (disagree = 2)	0.862	0.986	0.764	0.382	2.367
Wastewater creates mosquitoes (disagree = 2)	1.094	1.058	1.069	0.301	2.986
Constant	− 2.799	1.677	2.786	0.095	0.061

*and **Significant at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively. − 2 log likelihood = 221.351; Chi-square = 247.117 and p = 0.000. Pseudo R-square (Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke and McFadden) = 0.548, 0.669, and 0.465, respectively