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. 2023 May 21;12(4):2069–2085. doi: 10.1007/s40123-023-00724-x

Table 3.

Summary of psychometric performance of mVFQ-25 items

Psychometric performance Modified VFQ-25 (mVFQ-25) item
Items performed well across the majority of the psychometric tests carried out: demonstrating strong item properties, convergent validity (moderate-to-strong correlations at 1-year follow-up with MLMT, FST and visual field scores), good item-level known-groups analysis (distinguished between patients who differed in their visual field and MLMT scores) and were responsive to changes over time from baseline to 1 year

• Item 4 (walk in unfamiliar outdoor places without help at dusk);

• Item 19 (bump into objects when they are in a new position);

• Item 21 (run into things in unfamiliar environments);

• Item 25 (overshoot objects or run into things if they have been moved from their usual spot)

Items performed well for most of the psychometric analyses conducted (e.g. test–retest reliability, convergent validity) but were not able to detect changes in scores over time

• Item 2 (locate doorknobs and handles without first passing your hand over them);

• Item 3 (find things that are moved from their normal spots quickly);

• Item 7 (read normal print books or see details in pictures without magnifiers or computer/television screens);

• Item 8 (see a movie in a theatre or a planetarium show);

• Item 9 (find a plate, fork and spoon in a restaurant that is dimly lit);

• Item 10 (read labels on cans/food products/medicine bottles);

• Item 11 (read street signs or signage in buildings) Item 14 (trouble identifying simple shapes);

• Item 16 (put things down in specific places so that you can find them by feel/touch);

• Item 20 (need assistance to walk confidently in new places);

• Item 24 (hesitate before using stairs or getting onto an escalator or going through a revolving door)

Items performed poorly on several of the psychometric analyses, including item response distributions (ceiling effects), unsupported convergent validity, poor test–retest reliability, and nonresponsive to change

• Item 1 (read lighted dials or lights on electronic equipment);

• Item 5 (recognize people first by vision alone);

• Item 6 (find a new bus stop);

• Item 12 (difficulty judging whether someone is male or female using only vision);

• Item 13 (trouble determining the expression on unfamiliar faces using only vision);

• Item 15 (difficulty seeing which direction hands on a clock (non-digital) are facing);

• Item 17 (make mistakes when dressing in good light);

• Item 18 (make mistakes when using the bathroom or bathing);

• Item 22 (get lost or disoriented in familiar environments);

• Item 23 (activities that make you uncomfortable or nervous because of the way your vision is)