Table 1.

Optimized object detection model hyperparameters

Hyperparameter	Value
Batch size	16
Optimizer	Adam
Learning rate	0.0001
First momentum	0.9
Second momentum	0.999
Random image rotation (x, y, z, probability)	(15, 15, 12, 0.5)
Random image translation (x, y, z, probability)	(15, 15, 5, 0.5)
Random image scaling (x, y, z, probability)	(0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.5)
Random Gaussian noise (mean, standard deviation, probability)	(0, 0.5, 0.2)
Random vertical flip (probability)	0.5
Random horizontal flip (probability)	0.5