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. 2023 Jan 17;36(3):1216–1236. doi: 10.1007/s10278-022-00768-8

Table 4.

Statistical analysis

Metrics/methods PSNR SDME SSIM EPI
Best Mean Variance Best Mean Variance Best Mean Variance Best Mean Variance
Lena image
Random noise
AFSWA 11.519 11.515 0.004 40.724 40.721 0.003 0.544 0.541 0.003 0.7379 0.7375 0.0004
MDBU 19.511 19.508 0.003 30.808 30.804 0.004 0.584 0.581 0.003 0.7482 0.7479 0.0003
DBAIN 16.855 16.852 0.003 18.756 18.754 0.003 0.712 0.710 0.002 0.7576 0.7573 0.0003
BDND 7.026 7.023 0.003 27.029 27.026 0.003 0.530 0.527 0.003 0.7760 0.7757 0.0003
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 12.155 12.153 0.002 41.618 41.617 0.001 0.617 0.615 0.002 0.8358 0.8356 0.0002
Salt and pepper noise
AFSWA 12.120 12.117 0.003 39.244 39.240 0.004 0.529 0.526 0.003 0.7468 0.7464 0.0004
MDBU 18.672 18.668 0.004 45.542 45.540 0.002 0.831 0.829 0.002 0.7683 0.7680 0.0003
DBAIN 16.422 16.419 0.003 38.270 38.267 0.003 0.524 0.520 0.004 0.7756 0.7753 0.0003
BDND 9.517 9.513 0.004 33.567 33.563 0.004 0.573 0.570 0.003 0.7957 0.7953 0.0004
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 10.802 10.800 0.002 27.058 27.052 0.002 0.600 0.599 0.001 0.8438 0.8436 0.0002
Gaussian noise
AFSWA 11.539 11.535 0.004 41.180 41.177 0.003 0.535 0.532 0.003 0.7356 0.7353 0.0004
MDBU 28.140 28.138 0.002 38.549 38.545 0.004 0.832 0.830 0.002 0.7464 0.7460 0.0003
DBAIN 9.517 9.515 0.002 33.474 33.470 0.004 0.572 0.570 0.002 0.7565 0.7561 0.0003
BDND 14.144 14.140 0.004 16.496 16.493 0.003 0.503 0.500 0.003 0.7759 0.7756 0.0004
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 11.066 11.065 0.001 40.678 40.676 0.002 0.460 0.459 0.001 0.8077 0.8075 0.0002
Uniform noise
AFSWA 14.289 14.285 0.004 21.827 21.825 0.002 0.699 0.696 0.003 0.7646 0.7642 0.0004
MDBU 26.487 26.485 0.002 40.432 40.430 0.002 0.757 0.755 0.002 0.7857 0.7853 0.0004
DBAIN 29.476 29.473 0.002 41.811 41.808 0.003 0.899 0.896 0.003 0.8058 0.8055 0.0003
BDND 21.341 21.338 0.003 59.644 59.640 0.004 0.770 0.767 0.003 0.8245 0.8242 0.0003
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 21.520 21.518 0.002 55.511 55.510 0.001 0.874 0.872 0.002 0.9267 0.9265 0.0002
CT image
Random noise
AFSWA 17.642 17.640 0.002 29.784 29.780 0.004 0.463 0.460 0.003 0.6980 0.6975 0.0005
MDBU 17.613 17.610 0.003 25.869 25.866 0.003 0.669 0.665 0.004 0.7380 0.7376 0.0004
DBAIN 22.267 22.263 0.004 20.212 20.209 0.003 0.712 0.709 0.003 0.7472 0.7470 0.0002
BDND 8.307 8.303 0.004 28.153 28.150 0.003 0.482 0.479 0.003 0.7446 0.7442 0.0004
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 13.864 13.862 0.002 32.498 32.496 0.002 0.846 0.844 0.002 0.8042 0.8040 0.0002
Salt and pepper noise
AFSWA 12.549 12.545 0.004 30.482 30.480 0.002 0.602 0.599 0.003 0.6684 0.6680 0.0004
MDBU 16.281 16.278 0.003 30.810 30.807 0.003 0.781 0.777 0.004 0.6879 0.6875 0.0004
DBAIN 17.095 17.090 0.005 23.849 23.845 0.004 0.598 0.593 0.005 0.6888 0.6885 0.0003
BDND 11.503 11.500 0.003 32.257 32.254 0.003 0.666 0.662 0.004 0.7022 0.7019 0.0003
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 11.455 11.453 0.002 21.627 21.625 0.002 0.467 0.466 0.001 0.7705 0.7703 0.0002
Gaussian noise
AFSWA 19.136 19.131 0.005 27.435 27.431 0.004 0.529 0.526 0.003 0.7330 0.7326 0.0004
MDBU 11.459 11.454 0.005 28.592 28.590 0.002 0.662 0.660 0.002 0.7660 0.7657 0.0003
DBAIN 11.487 11.484 0.003 32.189 32.185 0.004 0.561 0.558 0.003 0.7728 0.7724 0.0004
BDND 12.025 12.021 0.004 17.824 17.820 0.004 0.604 0.600 0.004 0.8038 0.8034 0.0004
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 12.420 12.418 0.002 26.924 26.923 0.001 0.525 0.523 0.002 0.8624 0.8622 0.0002
Uniform noise
AFSWA 12.372 12.370 0.002 19.442 19.439 0.003 0.713 0.710 0.003 0.7665 0.7660 0.0005
MDBU 23.423 23.420 0.003 36.384 36.380 0.004 0.765 0.761 0.004 0.7898 0.7895 0.0003
DBAIN 32.061 32.057 0.004 33.971 33.968 0.003 0.888 0.884 0.004 0.8085 0.8080 0.0005
BDND 21.523 21.520 0.003 31.154 31.150 0.004 0.780 0.777 0.003 0.8247 0.8244 0.0003
Proposed T2FCS + FAL 24.149 24.147 0.002 32.142 32.140 0.002 0.800 0.798 0.002 0.8655 0.8653 0.0002