Figure 7.

A: Optimized vagal stimulation parameters. B: Drawing showing the lead inside the internal jugular vein and its closeness to the vagus nerve. The closest site is usually located near the jugular foramen at the base of the cranium. C: Cervical cross-section scheme showing the carotid sheath and the relationship between the vagus nerve and the internal jugular vein. D: Anteroposterior (top) and lateral (bottom) radiographs showing the position of the lead just below the right jugular foramen to proceed with the stimulation of the right vagus nerve. E: Electrocardiography of extracardiac vagal stimulation before cardioneuroablation (CNA) showing long sinus arrest (top), and again, extracardiac vagal stimulation after CNA showing no more vagal response (bottom) (see Video). Asterisk indicates catheter tip. LL = left lateral; PA = lateral.