Fig. 1.

A PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the process of selecting studies. We looked through several world-recognized online databases to find qualifying studies that reported ESBL-producing E. coli, and then we used predetermined search algorithms to find those studies. After combining the records and removing duplicates with the help of the Zotero software, the data were subjected to a screening based on the previously established eligibility criteria before being included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.