Table 1.
Overall outcomes of studies published between 2010 and 2021 focusing ESBL-producing E. coli in humans, animals, and environments in Bangladesh.
| Study area | Study Period | Published year | Sample categories | Sample types (N) | No. of E. coli | No. of ESBL-producers | ESBL detection method | Genes encoding ESBL | STs | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rajshahi | 2008 | 2010 | Humans | Wound swabs (125) | 19 | 11 | DD | – | – | [29] |
| Rajshahi | 2009 | 2012 | Wild ducks, ducks, chickens, geese | Cloacal swabs, feces (96) | 66 | 36 | DD, PCR | CTX-M1,9,14,15 | √ | [30] |
| Dhaka | 2008–09 | 2013 | Environments | Water (4) | 4 | 2 | DD | – | – | [31] |
| Dhaka | 2010–11 | 2013 | Humans | Wound swabs, urine (320) | 90 | 29 | DD, PCR | CTM-M, OXA | – | [32] |
| Dhaka | 2010–11 | 2013 | Humans | Urine, pus, sputum, swabs (200) | 114 | 61 | DD | – | – | [33] |
| Chattogram | 2010 | 2014 | Gull | Feces (150) | 85 | 29 | DD, PCR | CTX-M14,15 | √ | [34] |
| Cox's Bazar, Rangamati, Chattogram | 2011 | 2014 | Pigeons | Cloacal swabs (150) | 36 | 7 | DD, PCR | CTX-M15 | √ | [35] |
| Dhaka | 2011–12 | 2014 | Humans | Urine (300) | 112 | 36 | DD | – | – | [36] |
| Dhaka, Sylhet | 2003–07 | 2014 | Humans | Urine, surgical wound swab (339) | 339 | 40 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M1,15, OXA1 | – | [37] |
| Dhaka | NM | 2014 | Humans | Urine (44) | 13 | 7 | DD | – | [26] | |
| Dhaka | 2011 | 2014 | Humans | Urine, pus, wound swab (354) | 120 | 50 | DD, PCR | SHV | – | [38] |
| Mymensingh | 2011 | 2014 | Humans | Urine, skin wound swabs (300) | 156 | 35 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M, SHV | – | [39] |
| Dhaka | 2005 | 2015 | Humans | Urine (250) | 69 | 22 | DD | – | – | [40] |
| Dhaka, Moulavibazar, Sylhet, Rajshahi | 2010 | 2015 | Open Bill Stork, Environment | Feces, river water (170 + 8) | 76 + 8 | 2 + 4 | DD, PCR | CTX-M15 | √ | [41] |
| Mymensingh | 2011 | 2015 | Humans | Wound swab, pus (84) | 39 | 24 | DD | – | – | [42] |
| Dhaka | 2014 | 2016 | Humans | Urine (800) | 90 | 34 | DD, PCR | CTX-M15, OXA1 | √ | [43] |
| Dhaka | 2006–07 | 2016 | Humans | Pus, swab, exudates (125) | 61 | 6 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M1, SHV, OXA | – | [44] |
| Dhaka | 2012 | 2016 | Humans, Poultry | Urine, feces (48 + 40) | 14 + 11 | 11 + 11 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M, OXA | – | [45] |
| Dhaka | 2016 | 2018 | Humans | Urine (220) | 103 | 23 | DD | – | [46] | |
| Mymensingh | 2014–15 | 2018 | Humans | Urine, pus, swab of wound, vaginal, throat (375) | 233 | 100 | PCR | TEM1, CTX-M1,9, SHV, AMPc | √ | [47] |
| Tangail | 2016 | 2018 | Humans, chickens, cattle, Environments | stool, feces, soil/dirt (52 + 104 + 52) | 50 + 102 + 23 | 3 + 2 + 2 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M, OXA1 | – | [48] |
| Dhaka | 2006 | 2018 | Humans | surgical and burn wound (182) | 45 | 17 | DD | – | – | [49] |
| Chandpur | 2017 | 2019 | Humans | Stool (100) | 82 | 74 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M1, OXA1 | – | [50] |
| Dhaka, Bogura | 2014 | 2019 | Environments | Fecal sludge (34) | 26 | 22 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M, OXA | – | [51] |
| Dhaka | 2014 | 2019 | Humans | Urine (200) | 89 | 23 | DD | – | – | [52] |
| Dhaka | 2012 | 2019 | Humans | Urine (90) | 41 | 13 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M | – | [53] |
| Dhaka | NM | 2019 | Humans | Urine (59) | 45 | 18 | DD, PCR | CTX-M, SHV, OXA1, AMPc | – | [27] |
| Cox's Bazar | 2018 | 2020 | Environments | Water (421) | 384 | 66 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M1,15 | – | [54] |
| Dhaka, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Chattogram, Rajshahi | 2019 | 2020 | Broilers, cockerel | Meat (113) | 86 | 74 | DD, PCR | TEM | – | [55] |
| Sylhet, Moulavibazar, Sunamganj, Habiganj | 2020 | 2020 | Broilers, layers | Meat swabs (600) | 381 | 53 | PCR | SHV | – | [56] |
| Sirajganj | 2020 | 2021 | Humans | Urine (589) | 127 | 103 | DD | – | – | [57] |
| Different districts | 2017–18 | 2021 | Poultry Environments | Water (300) | 300 | 183 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M1, SHV, CMY2, OXA1 | – | [28] |
| Dhaka | 2019 | 2021 | Humans | Urine, sputum (100) | 100 | 25 | PCR | TEM, CTX-M15, SHV, OXA, AMPc | √ | [58] |
| Rajshahi | 2020 | 2021 | Broilers, Layers, Sonali | Cloacal swabs (60) | 37 | 13 | DD | – | – | [59] |
| Dhaka | 2015–19 | 2021 | Humans | Nasopharyngeal swab, wound swab, stool, blood (430) | 85 | 26 | PCR | TEM | – | [60] |
| Magura | 2019–20 | 2021 | Migratory birds | Feces (66) | 55 | 21 | DD, PCR | TEM, CTX-M, SHV, CMY | – | [61] |
Here, N = Sample size, ESBL = Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, STs = Sequence types, DD = Disk diffusion method, PCR = Polymerase chain reaction, NM = Not mentioned.