Table 2.

The list of the findings of the relevant studies regarding the effect of aPDT on endodontic biofilm.

Photosensitizer	Light source	Microorganism	Biofilm growth/substrate	Reduction in microbial load	Reference
TBO, MB (0.1 mg/mL) Cur (1 mg /mL) ICG (5 mg/mL)	MB-aPDT: 660 nm, diode laser, 117.18 J/cm2 TBO-aPDT: 635 nm, diode laser, 171.87 J/cm2 ICG-aPDT: 810 nm, diode laser, 171.87 J/cm2 Cur-aPDT: 450 nm, LED, 300–420 J/cm2	E. faecalis	24 h/12-well plate	Cur-aPDT: 99.6% ICG-aPDT: 98.2% TBO-aPDT: 85.1% MB-aPDT: 65.0%	Pourhajibagher et al. (2018c)
Cur (40 mM) ICG (1 mg/mL)	ICG-aPDT: 810 nm，diode laser, 250 mW Cur-aPDT: 450 nm, LED, 1000–1,400 mW/cm2	E. faecalis	24 h/Flat-bottomed microplates	Cur-aPDT: 83.6% ICG-aPDT: 75.2%	Pourhajibagher et al. (2018b)
ICG (1 mg/mL)	ICG-aPDT: 810 nm，diode laser, 31.2 J/cm2	E. faecalis	14 d/Human single-rooted teeth	ICG-aPDT: 81.6%	Bolhari et al. (2018)
MB (100 μg/mL)	660 nm, diode laser, 150 mW, 6 J	E. faecalis	21 d/Single-rooted teeth	98.8%	Asnaashari et al. (2019)
MB (100 μg/mL)	660 nm, diode laser, 150 mW, 6 J	E. faecalis	21 d/Human single-rooted teeth	Apical: 90.7% Coronal: 56%	Armand et al. (2019)
TB (0.1 mg/mL)	810 nm, diode laser, 200 mW	E. faecalis	7 d/Human single-rooted teeth	2.615 log10	Armand et al. (2019)
Riboflavin (0.1 mg/mL)	810 nm, diode laser, 100 mW, 100 HZ	E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans mixed biofilm	15 d/Human single-rooted teeth	99.9999977%	Katalinic et al. (2019)