Table 4.

Selected circRNAs arising from genes that are associated with immune signaling and/or allodynia.

CircRNA	Tissue	Comparison Category	Fold changes (up or down)	Role in the genes in immune signaling or pathological pain	References
CircRps6ka3	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, no nerve injury	−2.93	Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Related to Activated TLR4 signaling	Kakugawa et al. (2009)
CircSlc7a11	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, no nerve injury	1.86	Inverse relationship of SLC7A11 and inflammatory cytokines are observed during CNS injury	Sprimont et al. (2021)
CircOtud7b	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, nerve injured	−1.82	Negative regulator of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway	Hu et al. (2013)
CircGrik5	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, nerve injured	−2.46	Glutamate-gated ion channel, involved in sensitization in nociceptive neurons
CircItch	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, nerve injured	−2.24	Ubiquitin ligase, connected to MAPK and Wnt signaling, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling	Su et al. (2022) and Kong et al. (2020)
CircFkbp9	Spinal	PAE vs. Sac, nerve injured	−1.58	FK506-binding protein 9, involved in preventing stress-induced cell death	Gan et al. (2022)
CircVopp1	Blood	PAE vs. Sac, no nerve injury	−1.55	Regulates NF-κB1 translocation to nucleus to initiate its transcriptional activity	Park and James, (2005)