Table 1.
C. burnetii seroprevalence studies in goats worldwide by country and region.
| Country | Region⁎ | Area⁎ | Seropositivity (%) | Overall number of samples tested (n) | Year Published | Author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.8% | 132 | 2022 | Kiptanui et al. [44] |
| Kenya | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 74.7% | 1876 | 2022 | Muema et al. [53] |
| Kenya | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 15.2% | 1333 | 2022 | Mwololo et al. [100] |
| Namibia | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.9% | 52 | 2022 | Samkange et al. [46] |
| South Africa | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 18.4% | 216 | 2023 | Magadu et al. [103] |
| Mali | Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 16.9% | 290 | 2022 | Dione et al. [45] |
| China | Asia | Eastern Asia | 22% | 150 | 2016 | El-Mahallaway et al. [58] |
| China | Asia | Eastern Asia | 4.8% | 1157 | 2018 | Li et al. [93] |
| Cambodia | Asia | South-eastern Asia | 7.2% | 540 | 2022 | Siengsanan-Lamont et al. [50] |
| Laos | Asia | South-eastern Asia | 4.1% | 1458 | 2018 | Burns et al. [19,101] |
| Thailand | Asia | South-eastern Asia | 3.5% | 516 | 2017 | Doung-ngerm et al. [59] |
| Thailand | Asia | South-eastern Asia | 69%⁎⁎ | 118 | 2022 | Rerkyusuke et al. [51] |
| Iran | Asia | Southern Asia | 65.8% | 76 | 2009 | Khalili et al. [98] |
| Iran | Asia | Southern Asia | 45.5% | 224 | 2021 | Fakour et al. [99] |
| India | Asia | Southern Asia | 1.6–11.5% | 411 | 2020 | Leahy et al. [47] |
| Nepal | Asia | Southern Asia | 4.4–23.2% | 242 | 2021 | Paudyai et al. [48] |
| Pakistan | Asia | Southern Asia | 17.1% | 158 | 2022 | Amin et al. [49] |
| Pakistan | Asia | Southern Asia | 33.2% | 271 | 2016 | Zahid et al. [33] |
| Cyprus | Asia | Western Asia | 48.2% | 420 | 2006 | Psaroulaki et al. [35] |
| United Arab Emirates | Asia | Western Asia | 32.1% | 449 | 2022 | Barigye et al. [105] |
| Hungary | Europe | Eastern Europe | 31.0% | 71 | 2021 | Dobos et al. [97] |
| Estonia | Europe | Northern Europe | 0% | 18 (flocks) | 2023 | Neare et al. [95] |
| Republic of Ireland | Europe | Northern Europe | 0.3% | 590 | 2011 | Ryan et al. [102] |
| Croatia | Europe | Southern Europe | 100%⁎⁎ | 16 | 2022 | Tomljenovic et al. [94] |
| Greece | Europe | Southern Europe | 6.5% | 61 | 2009 | Pape et al. [96] |
| Spain | Europe | Southern Europe | 8.7% | 115 | 2010 | Ruiz-Fons et al. [54] |
| Netherlands | Europe | Western Europe | 21.4% | 2828 | 2011 | Schimmer et al. [34] |
| Switzerland | Europe | Western Europe | 3.4% | 321 | 2015 | Magouras et al. [104] |
| Australia | Oceania | Australia and NZ | 51.5% | 3720 | 1981 | Hein et al. [43] |
⁎
Based on United Nations designations (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/).
⁎⁎
Symptomatic cases, not cross-sectional serology.