Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of engineered biomaterials amplifying DCs to elicit antitumor immunity. (1) Biomaterials as delivery platforms, can carry a variety of immune components, such as tumor antigens and immunostimulators. Different types of biomaterials can mature iDCs into mDCs and activate the antigen‐presentation pathway of DCs to induce the CTL responses. Biomaterial‐mediated DC activation can combine immune checkpoint blockade agents (ICBs) to overcome immunosuppression in the TME. (2) In the TME, some biomaterials alter the functions of immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). (3) Biomaterials combined with other therapies (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, or sonodynamic therapy) can synergistically promote DC‐related antitumor immunotherapies and empower tumor eradication.