Table 2.
Basic information on scales and descriptive item statistics
|
|
Symptoms |
Items |
Mean (SD) |
Predictability |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CC
|
EC
|
CC
|
EC
|
|||
| FTND-6 |
Time to smoke the cigarette |
1. How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette? |
1.04 (1.12) |
0.78 (1.13) |
31% |
27% |
| Difficulty with restrictions |
2. Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden, eg, in church, at the library, cinema, etc.? |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.24 (0.43) |
13% |
22% |
|
| Smoking desire |
3. Which cigarette would you hate most to give up? |
0.29 (0.46) |
0.19 (0.39) |
23% |
26% |
|
| Cigarettes amount |
4. How many cigarettes / day do you smoke? |
0.35 (0.61) |
0.44 (0.89) |
24% |
10% |
|
| More during wake up |
5. Do you smoke more frequently during the first hours of waking than during the rest of the day? |
0.15 (0.36) |
0.19 (0.39) |
21% |
22% |
|
| Smoking when ill |
6. Do you smoke if you are so ill that you are in bed most of the day? |
0.28 (0.45) |
0.23 (0.42) |
22% |
24% |
|
| PTSD-10* | Intrusive thoughts |
1. Upsetting thoughts or memories about the event that have come into your mind against your will |
0.61 (0.49) |
0.60 (0.49) |
33% |
32% |
| Nightmares |
2. Upsetting dreams about the event |
0.49 (0.50) |
0.49 (0.50) |
40% |
44% |
|
| Flashbacks |
3. Acting or feeling as though the event were happening again |
0.64 (0.48) |
0.64 (0.48) |
33% |
33% |
|
| Emotional cue reactivity |
4. Feeling upset by reminders of the event |
0.55 (0.50) |
0.57 (0.50) |
45% |
42% |
|
| Physiological cue reactivity |
5. Bodily reactions (such as fast heartbeat, stomach churning, sweatiness, dizziness) when reminded of the event |
0.45 (0.50) |
0.45 (0.50) |
38% |
38% |
|
| Sleep disturbance |
6. Difficulty falling or staying asleep |
0.43 (0.49) |
0.42 (0.49) |
34% |
33% |
|
| Irritability / anger |
7. Irritability or outbursts of anger |
0.37 (0.48) |
0.38 (0.49) |
39% |
42% |
|
| Difficulty concentrating |
8. Difficulty concentrating |
0.49 (0.50) |
0.51 (0.50) |
41% |
42% |
|
| Hypervigilance |
9. Heightened awareness of potential dangers to yourself and others |
0.35 (0.48) |
0.32 (0.47) |
46% |
46% |
|
| Exaggerated startle response | 10. Feeling jumpy or being startled at something unexpected | 0.38 (0.48) | 0.38 (0.49) | 41% | 39% | |
SD – standard deviation, CC – combustible cigarettes, EC – electronic cigarettes, FTND-6 – Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-6, PTSD-10 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-10
*Measured by the 10-item Trauma Screening Questionnaire.