. 2022 Dec 1;12(1):e220144. doi: 10.2217/cer-2022-0144

Table 3. . Comparison of pain level pre-test and post-test values of individuals.

		Pre-test		Post-test		F	p-value	η²
	Group	$\bar{x}$	SD	$\bar{x}$	SD
Pain at rest (cm)^†	CPE	2.21	1.42	0.55	0.59	32.904	0.000 ^‡	0.392
Pain at rest (cm)^†	CON	1.26	1.12	1.02	1.03	32.904	0.000 ^‡	0.392
General pain (cm)^†	CPE	3.39	1.29	1.29	0.62	26.669	0.000 ^‡	0.343
General pain (cm)^†	CON	2.72	0.76	2.37	0.82	26.669	0.000 ^‡	0.343
Pain during exercise (cm)	CPE	4.01	1.43	1.81	1.03	10.521	0.002 ^‡	0.171
Pain during exercise (cm)	CON	3.60	0.79	3.06	1.00	10.521	0.002 ^‡	0.171

^†

There is a difference between the pre-test results.

^‡

p < 0.05.

CON: Control; CPE: Clinical Pilates exercise; η²: Eta square (effect size calculation); SD: Standard deviation; x: Mean value.