TABLE 3.
Treatment for TMJ herniation via EAC bony wall defect presented in previous publications
| No. | Author | Year | Case No. | Mean Age, yr | Symptoms | Location | Size | Treatment | Outcomea | Complication | F/U Period, mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawke et al. (10) | 1987 | 1 | 68 | N/A | Bilateral | N/A | none | N/A | None | N/A |
| 2 | Hawke et al. (11) | 1988 | 1 | 58 | Otorrhea | Right | N/A | none | N/A | None | N/A |
| 3 | Heffez et al. (12) | 1989 | 2 | 60 | Otalgia | Right (2) | 42 mm, N/A | NSAID | Success | None | N/A |
| 4 | Weissman et al. (13) | 1991 | 2 | 33 | Otorrhea | Left (2) | N/A | Antibiotics, steroids Intermaxillary fixation |
Partial success | None | N/A 12 |
| 5 | Cecire et al. (14) | 1991 | 1 | 60 | Otorrhea, otalgia | Left | N/A | N/A, fascia | Success | None | N/A |
| 6 | Kryzer and Lambert (15) | 1992 | 1 | 65 | clicking tinnitus | Left | N/A | None | N/A | None | N/A |
| 7 | Ali and Rubinstein (16) | 2000 | 1 | 64 | HL | Right | N/A | N/A, fascia, steroid | Success | None | N/A |
| 8 | Anand et al. (17) | 2000 | 2 | 49 | Clicking tinnitus, otalgia | Left (2) | 7.0 mm, 7.0 mm | Preauricular, medpor | Success | None | N/A |
| 9 | Moriyama, et al. (1) | 2005 | 1 | 41 | Clicking tinnitus | Right | 3.0 mm | Endaural, cartilage | Success | None | 60 |
| 10 | Tan et al. (18) | 2009 | 1 | 63 | Otorrhea | Right | 7.5 mm | Preauricular, cartilage | Success | Crepitus upon jaw movement | 6 |
| 11 | Ha et al. (8) | 2010 | 1 | 76 | Otalgia | Right | 3 mm | TMJ physiotherapy | Partial success | none | N/A |
| 12 | Park, et al. (4) | 2010 | 6 | 57 | 4 EF, clicking tinnitus, otorrhea, otalgia, HL | Right (2) Left (4) |
1.0–10.0 mm | Endaural, skin graft (2) preauricular, titanium (4) |
Success | None | 6 |
| 13 | Akcam et al. (19) | 2011 | 1 | 48 | Clicking tinnitus, facial pain | Left | 5.0 mm | Preauricular, cartilage | Success | None | 3 |
| 14 | Ajduk et al. (20) | 2012 | 1 | 53 | Otorrhea | Right | 4.0 mm | Preauricular, cartilage | Success | None | 18 |
| 15 | Nakasato et al. (21) | 2013 | 1 | 61 | Crunching sound | Right | 16.0 mm | Preauricular, cartilage and TPF | Success | None | 20 |
| 16 | Kim et al. (22) | 2013 | 1 | 53 | Clicking tinnitus | Left | 6.0 mm | Anxiolytics, muscle relaxant | Failure | None | N/A |
| 17 | Rana et al. (23) | 2015 | 2 | 8 | Otorrhea | Right (1) Left (1) |
N/A | Preauricular, TPF | Success | None | 12 |
| 18 | Shapiro and Osborn (24) | 2016 | 1 | 54 | Otalgia | Left | 5.0 mm | Preauricular, TPF | Success | None | 6 |
| 19 | Yoo et al. (7) | 2016 | 2 | 57 | Otalgia | Right (1) Left (1) |
4.0–5.0 mm | Endaural, titanium | Success | None | 12 |
| 20 | Ryu et al. (25) | 2017 | 1 | 46 | Clicking tinnitus | Right | 9.0 mm | Preauricular, titanium | Partial success | None | 2 |
| 21 | Singh et al. (26) | 2017 | 1 | 35 | Otorrhea, EF | Left | 20.0 mm | Preauricular, collagen mesh | Success | None | 12 |
| 22 | Burlak et al. (27) | 2018 | 1 | 52 | Otorrhea | Left | 3.5 mm | Postauricular, cartilage | Success | None | N/A |
aSuccess: successful reduction of TMJ herniation with symptom resolution; partial success: symptom resolution despite persistent TMJ herniation; failure: no change of symptoms and TMJ herniation; N/A: no treatment done.
EF indicates ear fullness; HL, hearing loss; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TMJ, temporomandibular joint; TPF, temporoparietal fascia.