Table 3.
Evidence overview of outcomes of ketamine versus opioids in the treatment of patients with renal colic
| Outcome | No. of trials (evaluated) | Intervention, % (n/N) or mean | Control, % (n/N) or mean | Statistical model | Results and magnitude of effect (95% CI) | Strength of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in pain score at 5 min | 3 (370) | 6.16 points | 6.6 points | Random | Similar between groups: MD − 0.40 (− 1.82 to 1.01) | Moderatea |
| Changes in pain score at 15 min | 4 (554) | 4.83 points | 5.09 points | Random | Similar between groups: MD − 0.15 (− 0.82 to 0.52) | High |
| Changes in pain score at 30 min | 5 (690) | 3.17 points | 2.756 points | Random | Similar between groups: MD 0.38 (− 0.25 to 1.01) | High |
| Changes in pain score at 60 min | 3 (520) | 2.35 points | 2.18 points | Random | Greater with ketamine: MD − 0.12 (− 0.22 to -0.02) | Moderatea,c |
| Hypotensive | 2 (240) | 0 | 5 | Fixed | Greater with ketamine: OR 0.08 (0.01–0.65) | Moderatea,c |
| Nausea | 5 (690) | 6.4 | 21.6 | Random | Similar between groups: OR 0.42 (0.04–4.87) | Moderatea,b |
| Vomiting | 2 (266) | 5.5 | 4.5 | Fixed | Similar between groups: OR 1.25 (0.50–3.14) | Lowa,b |
| Dizziness | 4 (554) | 10.25 | 4.25 | Random | Similar between groups: OR 2.47 (0.50–12.33) | High |
| Blood pressure | 2 (336) | 123.17 | 122.17 | Fixed | Similar between groups: MD 1.11 (− 2.00 to 4.23) | Lowa,b |
CI confidence interval; MD mean difference; OR odds ratio
Downgraded based on the following: aRisk of bias (moderate or high)
bImprecision
cUnknown consistency or inconsistency