Table 3.

Specific growth rate of pathogenic Escherichia coli in raw beef treated with vinegar N6 alone or with UV-C LED and vinegar N6

Temp (°C)	Treatment	STECa	p	E. coli O157:H7	p	EPECb	p
5	Vinegar N6	− 0.001 ± 0.000	0.003	− 0.007 ± 0.001	0.009	− 0.009 ± 0.004	0.062
	Combination	− 0.010 ± 0.001c		− 0.020 ± 0.002c		− 0.020 ± 0.003
10	Vinegar N6	0.019 ± 0.003	0.001	0.015 ± 0.006	0.009	0.010 ± 0.007	0.900
	Combination	0.002 ± 0.001c		0.002 ± 0.001c		0.009 ± 0.002

Values (n = 3) are presented as mean ± standard deviation

^aShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

^bEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

^cMeans within columns under identical conditions with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05)