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. 2023 May 16;53(7):1375–1393. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01826-z

Table 3.

Summary of risk factors for all injuries

Extrinsic Intrinsic
Non-modifiable

Position [31, 50, 51]

Playing level [18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 31, 44, 51]

Exposure type* [32]

Season [26]

Time in game** [26, 27]

Surface type [28, 49]

Sex [16, 32, 38]

Age (year or group) [21, 26, 31, 38, 44, 5561]

Height [31, 44]

Weight [31, 44]

Previous injury history [31, 44]

Previous concussion history [31, 44]

Previous playing experience [31]

Previous shoulder injury [51]

Modifiable

Equipment use*** [31, 44, 62, 63]

Days between games [28]

Match and training volume [34]

Regular weight training [31, 44]

Upper body strength [31]

Lower body strength [31]

Regular protein supplementation [44]

*Exposure type: match, training.

**Time in game: by quarters.

***Equipment: mouthguard, padded headgear, shoulder pads