No. of studies	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	Certainty	Proportion of events		Relative effects (95% CI)	Absolute effects
							Intervention	Control
End-stage renal disease
Metformin
3625 (1 RCT)	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	VERY seriousb	None	⨁⨁◯◯ LOW	24/3283 (0.7%)	2/342 (0.6%)	OR 0.80 (0.19 to 3.39)	7 per 1.000	1 lower per 1.000 (from 6 lower to17 higher)
Pioglitazone
–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Insulin-secretagogues
9658 (2 RCTs)	Seriousc	Not serious	Not serious	Seriousa	None	⨁⨁◯◯ LOW	17/5414 (0.3%)	13/4244 (0.3%)	OR 1.34 (0.63 to 2.83)	3 per 1.000	1 higher per 1.000 (from 1 lower to 6 higher)
DPP-4i
37,360 (7 RCTs)	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH	148/19088 (0.8%)	139/18272 (0.8%)	OR 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20)	3 per 1.000	3 higher per 1.000 (from 2 lower to 9 higher)
GLP-1 RA
41,535 (6 RCTs)	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH	185/20726 (0.9%)	163/20809 (0.8%)	OR 0.82 (0.66 to 1.01)	9 per 1.000	2 lower per 1.000 (from 3 lower to0 lower)
SGLT-2i
49,875 (6 RCTs)	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Very strong association	⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH	317/21655 (1.5%)	228/28220 (0.8%)	OR 0.67 (0.56 to 0.80)	15 per 1.000	5 lower per 1.000 (from 6 lower to3 lower)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Insulin
577 (1 RCT)	Seriouse	Not serious	Not serious	Seriousa	None	⨁⨁◯◯ LOW	152/383 (39.7%)	91/194 (46.9%)	OR 1.34 (0.95 to 1.90)	397 per 1.000	72 higher per 1.000 (from 12 lower to159 higher)