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. 2023 Jun 23;13:10214. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37207-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of aerobic training and resistance training on skin aging parameters. (a) Venn diagram of skin parameters improved by aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) interventions. Skin parameters in the blue and red elliptical areas were improved by the AT or RT intervention, respectively, and skin parameters in the overlapping area were improved by both interventions. (b,c) Effects of AT and RT on skin elasticity (b) and upper dermal structure (c). Elastic recovery rate (Ur/Uf) and rate of low echogenic pixels (LEPs) in the upper dermis were measured as parameters of skin elasticity and upper dermal structure, respectively. (d) Differential effect of AT and RT on dermal thickness. Change (Δ) in dermal thickness was calculated as the difference between dermal thickness before and after the training intervention. Columns and bars indicate mean and standard error (SE). Statistical analyses of intragroup difference (b,c) and differences in Δdermal thickness (d) were performed with two-sided paired t tests and analysis of co-variance with adjustment for the baseline value of dermal thickness measured before the training intervention, respectively. ***p < 0.001; ^†p < 0.10. AT aerobic training, LEP low echogenic pixel, RT resistance training.