Table 1.
Effects of aerobic training and resistance training on skin aging parameters, body composition, and physical capacity.
| All (n = 56) | AT (n = 26) | RT (n = 30) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | p value | Before | After | p value | Before | After | p value | |
| Skin aging parameters | |||||||||
| Skin elasticity, Ur/Uf | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| Dermal thickness, mm | 1.74 ± 0.02 | 1.75 ± 0.02 | 0.43 | 1.71 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.02 | 0.93 | 1.77 ± 0.03 | 1.79 ± 0.03 | 0.20 |
| Upper dermal LEP, % | 27.0 ± 1.9 | 15.5 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 | 27.9 ± 3.0 | 15.8 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 | 26.3 ± 2.3 | 15.3 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| Body composition | |||||||||
| Body weight, kg | 54.4 ± 0.8 | 54.0 ± 0.8 | < 0.05 | 54.2 ± 1.3 | 53.5 ± 1.3 | < 0.05 | 54.6 ± 1.1 | 54.5 ± 1.1 | 0.76 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.1 ± 0.2 | 20.9 ± 0.2 | < 0.10 | 21.0 ± 0.3 | 20.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.05 | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 0.91 |
| AppLTM, kg | 15.4 ± 0.2 | 15.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.05 | 15.4 ± 0.4 | 15.4 ± 0.4 | 0.93 | 15.4 ± 0.3 | 15.7 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 |
| TotalLTM, kg | 36.5 ± 0.5 | 36.7 ± 0.5 | < 0.10 | 36.7 ± 0.8 | 36.6 ± 0.8 | 0.72 | 36.4 ± 0.6 | 36.8 ± 0.6 | < 0.01 |
| Body fat, kg | 15.6 ± 0.6 | 15.3 ± 0.6 | < 0.10 | 15.2 ± 0.8 | 14.9 ± 0.8 | 0.19 | 15.9 ± 0.8 | 15.6 ± 0.8 | 0.31 |
| BMC, kg | 2.28 ± 0.04 | 2.27 ± 0.04 | 0.10 | 2.25 ± 0.06 | 2.24 ± 0.06 | 0.22 | 2.31 ± 0.05 | 2.30 ± 0.05 | 0.28 |
| Physical capacity | |||||||||
| VO2peak, mL/kg/min | 28.0 ± 0.6 | 28.9 ± 0.6 | < 0.10 | 27.1 ± 0.8 | 28.5 ± 0.7 | < 0.05 | 28.7 ± 1.0 | 29.3 ± 0.8 | 0.50 |
| 1-RM, kg | |||||||||
| Chest press | 11.5 ± 0.4 | 14.9 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | 11.2 ± 0.6 | 11.6 ± 0.6 | 0.10 | 11.8 ± 0.6 | 17.7 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Shoulder press | 15.7 ± 0.5 | 20.0 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 14.9 ± 0.7 | 15.6 ± 0.8 | 0.07 | 16.3 ± 0.7 | 23.8 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Arm curl | 15.2 ± 0.5 | 18.9 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 | 15.0 ± 0.8 | 15.6 ± 0.7 | 0.24 | 15.4 ± 0.5 | 21.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Rowing | 22.1 ± 0.5 | 24.6 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 | 21.7 ± 1.0 | 20.9 ± 0.8 | 0.11 | 22.5 ± 0.6 | 27.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Leg curl | 43.4 ± 1.2 | 50.3 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 | 42.0 ± 2.0 | 42.8 ± 2.0 | 0.56 | 44.6 ± 1.4 | 56.7 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
| Leg extension | 68.2 ± 2.4 | 77.2 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 | 65.5 ± 3.7 | 68.8 ± 3.5 | 0.11 | 70.5 ± 3.0 | 84.7 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Values show the means ± standard errors (SEs). Statistical analyses were performed with two-sided paired t tests to compare parameters measured before and after the training intervention.
AppLTM appendicular lean soft tissue mass, AT aerobic training, BMC bone mineral content, BMI body mass index, LEP low echogenic pixel, RT resistance training, TotalLTM total lean soft tissue mass, VO2peak peak oxygen uptake, 1-RM one-repetition maximum.