Table 2.

Effects of aerobic training and resistance training on expression level of dermal extracellular matrix-related genes in dermal fibroblasts (measured in plasma from blood sampled from participants before and after the 16-week training intervention).

Gene	All (n = 56)				AT (n = 26)				RT (n = 30)
	Before	After		p value	Before	After		p value	Before	After		p value
COL1A1	0.821 ± 0.025	0.858 ± 0.032	–	0.19	0.857 ± 0.043	0.898 ± 0.053	–	0.37	0.789 ± 0.029	0.823 ± 0.037	–	0.36
COL1A2	0.826 ± 0.023	0.865 ± 0.026	↑	< 0.10	0.862 ± 0.034	0.928 ± 0.043	↑	< 0.10	0.795 ± 0.030	0.811 ± 0.027	–	0.60
COL3A1	0.895 ± 0.031	0.969 ± 0.033	↑	< 0.01	0.945 ± 0.047	1.040 ± 0.055	↑	< 0.05	0.851 ± 0.040	0.908 ± 0.037	↑	< 0.10
COL5A1	0.727 ± 0.018	0.764 ± 0.021	↑	< 0.05	0.757 ± 0.028	0.807 ± 0.035	↑	< 0.10	0.702 ± 0.024	0.727 ± 0.025	–	0.26
COL6A1	0.809 ± 0.018	0.908 ± 0.023	↑	< 0.001	0.845 ± 0.025	0.947 ± 0.035	↑	< 0.05	0.778 ± 0.024	0.873 ± 0.028	↑	< 0.001
COL12A1	0.981 ± 0.028	1.062 ± 0.032	↑	< 0.01	1.044 ± 0.047	1.159 ± 0.052	↑	< 0.01	0.926 ± 0.030	0.978 ± 0.035	–	0.10
COL14A1	0.835 ± 0.023	0.931 ± 0.027	↑	< 0.001	0.887 ± 0.040	0.984 ± 0.042	↑	< 0.05	0.791 ± 0.024	0.885 ± 0.034	↑	< 0.01
HAS1	0.092 ± 0.013	0.102 ± 0.017	–	0.52	0.090 ± 0.013	0.115 ± 0.032	–	0.34	0.095 ± 0.021	0.091 ± 0.016	–	0.98
HAS2	0.177 ± 0.020	0.239 ± 0.022	↑	< 0.001	0.163 ± 0.018	0.247 ± 0.026	↑	< 0.001	0.190 ± 0.034	0.233 ± 0.035	↑	< 0.01
DCN	0.911 ± 0.029	0.994 ± 0.032	↑	< 0.001	0.973 ± 0.043	1.080 ± 0.049	↑	< 0.01	0.857 ± 0.036	0.919 ± 0.036	↑	< 0.10
BGN	0.685 ± 0.016	0.736 ± 0.021	↑	< 0.01	0.722 ± 0.026	0.750 ± 0.036	–	0.31	0.653 ± 0.019	0.723 ± 0.024	↑	< 0.001
VCAN	0.595 ± 0.017	0.644 ± 0.019	↑	< 0.01	0.635 ± 0.028	0.691 ± 0.034	↑	< 0.05	0.561 ± 0.019	0.604 ± 0.019	↑	< 0.01
CHPF	1.062 ± 0.030	1.162 ± 0.037	↑	< 0.001	1.146 ± 0.048	1.252 ± 0.052	↑	< 0.05	0.989 ± 0.035	1.084 ± 0.048	↑	< 0.01
CHSY1	1.040 ± 0.042	1.110 ± 0.047	↑	< 0.05	1.106 ± 0.068	1.186 ± 0.071	–	0.17	0.981 ± 0.049	1.044 ± 0.060	↑	< 0.05
CHSY3	1.630 ± 0.075	1.653 ± 0.075	–	0.65	1.766 ± 0.121	1.743 ± 0.098	–	0.79	1.513 ± 0.091	1.576 ± 0.111	–	0.31
ELN	0.716 ± 0.036	0.638 ± 0.037	↓	< 0.05	0.755 ± 0.052	0.651 ± 0.058	↓	< 0.05	0.682 ± 0.051	0.626 ± 0.047	–	0.24

Values show the means of the relative level of gene expression calculated by the ΔΔCt method (where Ct is the threshold cycle) normalized with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as the housekeeping gene and the control sample ± standard errors (SEs). Statistical analyses for the intragroup difference were performed with two-sided paired t tests.

AT aerobic training, BGN biglycan, CHPF chondroitin polymerizing factor, CHSY1 chondroitin sulfate synthase 1, CHSY3 chondroitin sulfate synthase 3, COL1A1 collagen type I α 1 chain, COL1A2 collagen type I α 2 chain, COL3A1 collagen type III α 1 chain, COL5A1 collagen type V α 1 chain, COL6A1 collagen type VI α 1 chain, COL12A1 collagen type XII α 1 chain, COL14A1 collagen type XIV α 1 chain, DCN decorin, ELN elastin, HAS1 hyaluronan synthase 1, HAS2 hyaluronan synthase 2, RT resistance training, VCAN versican.