Table 1.
Characteristics of the included study.
| Study (Author, years) | Rodents | Anesthetic | Filament | Ischaemia time and hemisphere | Measurement indicators |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laing, R.J. 199316 | Wistar rats (no report, 300–400 g) | Fentanyl citrate + fluanisone + midazolam |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone (MCAO-KM)/tip burnt blunt round (MCAO-LG) 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: 17–20 mm |
No report, right |
1. CBF 2. Success rate of filament insertion |
| Qu Qiumin 200034 | SD rats (male, 280–320 g) | Halothane + nitrous oxide |
1. Processing: no report 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: no report |
2 h, left |
1. Model success rate 2. Brain edema rate 3. Infarction rate |
| Cao Yongjun 200137 | Wistar rats (male, 200–250 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round 2. Diameter: 4–0 nylon thread (0.2 mm) 3. Insertion depth: about 19.5–20.5 mm |
6 h, right |
1. rCBF 2. NDS (Zea Longa score) 3. Infarction size |
|
Xi Gangming 2004 |
Kunming mice (Male, 28–42 g) |
Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round and coated with polylysine 2. Diameter: 0.078–0.1 mm 3. Insertion depth: 8–10 mm |
Permanent, right |
1. Physiological parameters 2. Model mortality 3. Neurological scores 4. Infarction volume |
| Sun Guobing 200638 | SD rats (male, 250–300 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round 2. Diameter: 4–0 nylon thread 3. Insertion depth: about 18 mm |
2 h, right |
1. Infarction rate 2. NF-κB expression |
| Johannes Woitzik 200635 | SD rats (male, 290–350 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round (MCAO-LG) or coated with silicone (MCAO-KM) 2. Diameter: 5–0 polyamide filament (0.445–0.455 mm) 3. Insertion depth: 19 mm (based on CBF signals) |
Permanent, right |
1. Physiological parameters 2. CBF 3. Infarction rate 4. Brain edema rate 5. NDS |
| Hiroaki Sakai 200740 | Wistar rats (male, 10 weeks-age) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.38 mm 3. Insertion depth: 19–20 mm |
50 min, right |
1. Infarction volume 2. NDS |
| Cam Ertugrul 200819 | Wistar rats (male, 285–370 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: abrading the tip with sandpaper 2. Diameter: 0.23 mm 3. Insertion depth: 18 mm |
Permanent, left |
1. Physiological parameters 2. CBF 3. Model mortality 4. Model success rate 5. Subarachnoid hemorrhage rate 6. Infarction volume |
| Sun Yu 200812 | SD rats (male, 240–280 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round 2. Diameter: 4–0 filaments (0.22 mm) 3. Insertion depth: 19–20 mm |
2 h, right |
1. Operation duration 2. Model success rate 3. Model mortality 4. Infarction rate 5. NDS (Zea Longa score) 6. HE staining |
| Xiang Heng 200820 | SD rats (male, 300–350 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.26–0.30 mm 3. Insertion depth: a feel of slight resistance |
Permanent, left |
1. Model success rate 2. Model mortality 3. Infarction rate 4. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Yang Zanzhang 200821 | Wistar rats (sex in half, 260–300 g) | Pentobarbital sodium |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round 2. Diameter: fishing thread (0.235 mm) 3. Insertion depth: about 18 mm (a feel of slight resistance) |
Permanent, left |
1. Model success rate 2. Infarction rate 3. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Yang Debing 200917 | Wistar rats (male, 230–280 g) | No report |
1. Processing: no report 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: a feel of slight resistance |
2 h, right |
1. Model success rate 2. Model mortality 3. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Trueman, R, C 201122 | Wistar rats (male, 10–12 weeks-age) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.39–0.41 μm 3. Insertion depth: depending on changes of CBF |
1 h, right |
1. Model success rate 2. Model mortality 3. CBF 4. Infarction rate 5. Body weight change 6. Behavioral testing 7. Survival rate of neurons |
| Liu Jianren 201223 | SD rats (male, 200–250 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: no report |
1.5 h, right |
1. Physiological parameters 2. CBF 3. Infarction volume 4. Brain edema rate 5. NDS (Berdeson/Garcia score) |
| Zhao Kai 201232 | Wistar rats (male, 280–300 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round or cut into a flat end 2. Diameter: 0.26 mm 3.insertion depth: 18–20 mm (a feel of slight resistance) |
100 min, right |
1. Model success rate 2. NDS (Zea Longa score) 3. Infarction rate 4. HE staining |
| Tang Qiqiang 201333 | SD rats (male, 250–300 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.21–0.22 mm or 0.27–0.28 mm or 0.28–0.29 mm; 3. Insertion depth: 16–20 mm |
Permanent, right |
1. Physiological parameters 2. Success rate of filament insertion 3. NDS (Zea Longa score) 4. Infarction rate 5. Brain edema rate 6. HE staining |
| Fan Ruijuan 201414 | SD rats (male, 250–300 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip coated with polylysine 2. Diameter: 0.34–0.38 mm 3. Insertion depth: 19–20 mm (A feel of slight resistance) |
Transient (no ischaemia time), right |
1. Operation duration 2. Success rate of filament insertion 3. Model success rate 4. Model mortality 5. Subarachnoid hemorrhage rate |
| Morris, G.P. 201515 | C57BL/6 mice (male, 8–13 weeks-age) | Ketamine + xylazine |
1. Processing: silicone coated for 9–10 mm (MCAO-KM)) or 2–3 mm (MCAO-LG) 2. Diameter: 0.19–0.23 mm 3. Insertion depth: depending on changes of CBF |
1 h, right |
1. CBF 2. Infarction rate 3. Body weight change |
| Smith, H.K. 201524 | C57BL/6 mice (male, 25–29 g) | Ketamine/xylazine |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.18 mm 3. Insertion depth: a feel of slight resistance |
0.5 h, no report |
1. CBF 2. Model mortality 3. Infarction rate 4. NDS (mNSS score) 5. Inflammation |
| Zheng Jianfeng 201625 | SD rats (male, 280–320 g) | Pentobarbital sodium |
1. Processing: tip coated with polylysine 2. Diameter: 0.26–0.28 mm 3. Insertion depth: 18–20 mm |
2 h/permanent, right |
1. Model mortality 2. Infarction rate 3. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Zuo Xialin 201326 | SD rats (male, 250–280 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip coated with solid paraffin; 2. Diameter: 0.28 mm 3. Insertion depth: about 18 mm |
1 h, left |
1. Model mortality 2. Infarction rate 3. BBB integrity 4. NDS (Zea Longa score) 5. BDNF expression |
| Cai Qiang 201613 | C57BL/6 mice (male, 20–25 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.21–0.22 mm 3. Insertion depth: a feel of slight resistance |
1 h, right |
1. CBF 2. Operation duration 3. Model mortality 4. Infarction rate 5. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Melissa, T.L. 201736 | C57BL/6 mice (male, 24–31 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.18–0.20 mm 3. Insertion depth: depending on changes of CBF |
1 h, right |
1. rCBF 2. Infarction volume |
| Wang Dongliang 201927 | C57BL/6 mice (male, 20–22 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: 8–12 mm or a feel of slight resistance |
1 h, right |
1. Model mortality 2. Model success rate 3. Infarction rate 4. Brain water content 5. Neuronal apoptosis rate |
| Onufriev, M.V. 202128 | Wistar rats (male, 200–300 g) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round 2. Diameter: 3–0 nylon monofilament 3. Insertion depth: no report |
1 h, left |
1. Model mortality 2. NDS 3. Infarction rate 4. Inflammation |
| Wang Wenxiu 202229 | SD rats (male, 250–300 g) | Chloral hydrate |
1. Processing: tip burnt blunt round and coated with polylysine 2. Diameter: 0.34–0.38 mm 3. Insertion depth: 21–22 mm |
2 h, right |
1. Success rate of filament insertion 2. Model mortality 3. NDS (Zea Longa score) |
| Yang Zhong 202230 | C57Bl6 mice (male, 8–10 weeks-age) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: no report 2. Diameter: no report 3. Insertion depth: no report |
1.5 h, right |
1. CBF 2. NDS 3. Infarction volume 4. Body weight change 5. Inflammation 6. Neuronal apoptosis rate |
| Helena, J. 202231 | C57Bl6 mice (male, 3–6 months old) | Isoflurane |
1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2. Diameter: 0.19–0.21 mm 3. Insertion depth: depending on changes of CBF |
0.5 h, left |
1. CBF 2. Infarction volume 3. Body weight change 4. NDS |
BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor, CBF cerebral blood flow, NDS neurological deficit score, BBB blood–brain barrier, HE staining hematoxylin and eosin staining.