Table 4.
Mean conduit flow rate with and without Penrose air-trap (conduit length = 310 mm).
| Initial radius (mm) | Cylinder: R flowa (cc/min) | R4/L flow (cc/min, %) | R4/L + air-trap flow (cc/min, %) | R5/L flow (cc/min, %) | R5/L + air-trap flow (cc/min, %) | R6/L flow (cc/min, %) | R6/L + air-trap flow (cc/min, %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Input pressure = 10 mmHg | |||||||
| 3 | 294 | 406 (+ 38%) | 456 (+ 55%)*** | 321 (+ 9%) | 424 (+ 44%)*** | 308 (+ 5%) | 376 (+ 28%)** |
| 4 | 373 | 411 (+ 10%) | 450 (+ 21%)*** | 387 (+ 4%) | 444 (+ 19%)*** | 369 (− 1%) | 389 (+ 4%) |
| 5 | 428 | 489 (+ 14%*) | 510 (+ 17%)** | 428 (0%) | 467 (+ 9%)* | 383 (− 11%) | 443 (+ 4%) |
| Input pressure = 25 mmHg | |||||||
| 3 | 401 | 512 (+ 28%) | 570 (+ 42%)**** | 377 (− 6%) | 553 (+ 38%)**** | 386 (− 4%) | 449 (+ 12%)* |
| 4 | 475 | 575 (+ 21%) | 602 (+ 27%)** | 447 (− 6%) | 566 (+ 19%)** | 487 (+ 3%) | 505 (+ 6%)* |
| 5 | 549 | 662 (+ 21%) | 638 (+ 16%)** | 491 (− 11%) | 602 (+ 10%)** | 520 (− 5%) | 553 (+ 1%) |
*P < 0.05 vs. constant radius flow.
**P < 0.01 vs. constant radius flow.
***P < 0.001 vs constant radius flow.
****P < 0.0001 vs. constant radius flow.
aFlow separation did not occur in the constant radius conduits; Penrose air-traps did not affect these flows.