Figure 5.

Plots of the residual torque magnitude against slab pull reduction factor, for a selection of present-day plates. The drag coefficient is held constant at $6.4\times {10}^{14}{\text{Pa s m}}^{-1}$. The residual torque is normalized by the total driving torque in each scenario and plotted on a log scale, to make identification of the optimum slab pull reduction factor easier. For the oceanic plates (Pacific, Nazca and Cocos) and all plates (excluding those with an area less than 2.5 million km²), we plot the area-weighted mean of the log ratios for individual plates.