Figure 3.

Most-likely ancestral range reconstruction of the Luminacea using the Dispersal–Extinction–Cladogenesis (DEC) model on the simplified Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred by BEAST v.2.6.7³⁰ based on cox1, 16S, 28S, and H3 data. Outgroups were omitted from this analysis. Nodes represent the median divergence times. Values near nodes represent posterior probabilities (PP). PP values below 0.95 are not shown. Shapes of lunule from the corresponding scutelloid clades are shown to the right. Colored, lettered boxes on the nodes represent the most likely areas of origin (lower right; a. Tropical eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean (EIWP); b. Southern Australia and New Zealand (SANZ); c. Northwestern Pacific (NWP); d. Tropical western Indian Ocean (WIO); e. Northeastern Pacific (NEP); f. Northwestern Atlantic (NWA); g. Tropical eastern Pacific (EP); h. Tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea (WA); i. Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (NEA); j. Tropical East Atlantic (EA); k. South Africa (SAFR)) reconstructed by RASP v.4.2³¹. Filled squares represent the constrained and assigned age prior nodes. Black arrows indicate inferred events of range expansions. Graph of Phanerozoic paleotemperatures was modified from Scotese et al.³². Figure was made with Microsoft PowerPoint (https://www.microsoft.com/, version 2016). Image credit: Jih-Pai Lin.