Fig. 1.
LPAR signaling pathway. LPA signaling is mediated through at least six GPCRs (LPAR1–6). LPAR1–6 can couple to different G protein family members (Gα12/13, Gαq/11, Gαi/0, or Gαs) to activate different downstream pathways, resulting in a variety of cellular responses. The G proteins with which LPAR1 interacts are represented by blue arrows, whereas those interacting with LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4, LPAR5 and LPAR6 are indicated by red, green, orange, pink and gray arrows, respectively. Abbreviations: AC, adenylate cyclase; ATX, autotaxin; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PLC, phospholipase C; Ras, rat sarcoma protein; Rho, Ras homolog protein.