Table 3.

Representative nanomaterials in treating HMs that stimulate the immune system

Nanomaterials	Payload	Ind.	Outcome	References
PLA microspheres	PD-1 antibody and leukemia antigen polypeptide pE	Leu	Enhance the APC response, recruit more APC cells, enhance the proliferation of T cells in lymph nodes	[167]
Hydrogel	Antigen polypeptide WT1126-134 and immune adjuvants (GM-CSF)	Leu	Induce local immune-cell infiltration and activate dendritic cells	[166]
LNT cells	DOX	Leu	Promote antitumor immune responses	[171]
HSCs	aPD-1	Leu	Increase the number of active T cells, produce cytokines and chemokines	[172]
Lipid-PEG	mRNA, palmitic acid-modified TLR7/8 agonist R848 (C16-R848)	Lyn	Improve the expansion of OVA specific CD8 + T cells	[168]
PLGA NPs	BCMA72 − 80[YLMFLLRKI] peptide	MM	Increase peptide delivery to human dendritic cells, which enhance induction of BCMA-specific CTL	[169]

APC Antigen-presenting cell, WT1 Wilms tumor protein 1, GM-CSF Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, LNT cells Liquid nitrogen-treated cells, DOX Doxorubicin, TLR Toll-like receptors, PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), BCMA B cell maturation antigen