Table 6.

Representative studies on the toxicity of nanoparticles to blood cells

Nanoparticles	Object cell	Toxicity	Refs
Au NPs	K562 cells	Induced cell death by inducing ER stress	[278]
Au NPs	HL-60 cells	Induced caspases-dependent apoptosis	[282]
Ag NPs	HL-60 cells	Caused ROS mediated cytotoxicity	[283]
Ag NPs	Ba/F3 cell	Induced autophagy through the mTOR pathway mediated by ROS	[284]
PbO2 NPs	K562	Caused oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and cell death	[285]
CNT	HL-60	Induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through AKT and MAPK pathways	[279]
	THP-1	The longer nanotubes induced a stronger inflammatory response	[280]
GFNs	THP-1a	The surface oxidation states may cause GFNs to behave differently and cause different immunotoxic effects	[281]

CNT carbon nanotube, GFNs graphene family nanomaterials