Table 1.
Comparison of pain, nausea and vomiting and number and dose of painkiller administration in the intervention and control groups during the study period
| Variables | Times | Groups | Test, p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Mean (SD) | Control Mean (SD) | |||
| Pain intensity | Before the intervention | 5.28 (0.94) | 5.60 (1.26) | F = 1.88, p = 0.17a |
| Entering recovery room | 2.75 (2.99) | 3.35 (3.17) | F = 4.45, p = 0.03b | |
| 4 h after entering the ward | 6.42 (1.11) | 6.97 (1.19) | F = 5.43, p = 0.02c | |
| 8 h after entering the ward | 6.46 (0.91) | 6.64 (0.98) | F = 1.16, p = 0.28c | |
| 12 h after entering the ward | 6.20 (0.91) | 6.73 (1.13) | F = 6.49, P = 0.01c | |
| 16 h after entering the ward | 4.91 (0.82) | 6.24 (0.88) | F = 65.88, p < 0.001c | |
| Between groups ANCOVA repeated measure | F = 23.89, p < 0.001c | |||
| Number of painkiller administration | 24 h before the intervention | 1.82 (0.64) | 1.73 (0.57) | t =—0.68, p = 0.49 |
| In the recovery room | 0.46 (0.69) | 0.44 (0.62) | t =—0.16, p = 0.87 | |
| 16 h after surgery and in the ward | 2.80 (0.54) | 2.60 (0.53) | t =—1.74, p = 0.08 | |
| Between groups repeated measure | F = 1.60, p = 0.20 | |||
| Dose of pethidine administration | 16 h after surgery and in the ward | 27.29 (7.22) | 30.15 (10.11) | t =—1.36, p = 0.17 |
| Nausea and vomiting intensity | Before the intervention | ––––– | ––––– | –––– |
| Entering recovery room | 0 (0.0) | 5.75 (0.95) | F = 5.06, p = 0.02d | |
| 4 h after entering the ward | 0.11 (0.55) | 1.45 (2.31) | F = 7.92, 0.006e | |
| 8 h after entering the ward | 0 (0.0) | 0.54 (1.82) | F = 0.72, 0.39e | |
| 12 h after entering the ward | 0 (0.0) | 0.06 (0.45) | F = 0.07, 0.78e | |
| 16 h after entering the ward | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 (0.30) | F = 0.07, 0.78e | |
| Between groups ANCOVA repeated measure | F = 12.94, p = 0.001 | |||
aThe use of analgesics during last 24 h, and the site of fracture as covariates
bThe type of anesthesia, the use of analgesics in pre-intra operative, and the site of fracture as covariates
cThe type of anesthesia, the use of analgesics in pre-intra and postoperative, and the site of fracture as covariates
dThe type of anesthesia and site of fracture as covariates
eThe type of anesthesia, site of fracture, and the use or non-use of anti-emetic drugs in vomiting in recovery and in the postoperative ward as covariates