Table 4. Model explaining children’s pro-nature behavior with nature experiences, connection with nature, and demographic variables.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | B (SE) | t | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||||||||||
| Age-nine | 0.11 (0.06) | 1.81 | 0.08 (0.05) | 1.74 | ||||||||||
| Age-eleven | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.39 | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.65 | ||||||||||
| Age-twelve | −0.13 (0.06) | −2.29* | −0.05 (0.04) | −1.14* | ||||||||||
| Gender-girl | 0.07 (0.04) | 1.82 | −0.12 (0.03) | −3.94*** | ||||||||||
| Residence-rural | −0.18 (0.12) | −1.46 | 0.16 (0.07) | 2.37* | ||||||||||
| Location-Hangzhou | −0.17 (0.15) | −1.15 | −0.23 (0.08) | −2.67 | ||||||||||
| Location-Kunming | −0.08 (0.15) | −0.52 | −0.11 (0.08) | 1.29 | ||||||||||
| Nature experiences | ||||||||||||||
| Direct | 0.69 (0.02) | 34.25*** | 0.47 (0.09) | 5.03*** | 0.28 (0.03) | 10.40*** | ||||||||
| Indirect | 0.45 (0.02) | 28.04*** | 0.11(0.08) | 1.37 | 0.13 (0.02) | 7.35*** | ||||||||
| Vicarious | 0.59 (0.02) | 34.26*** | 0.27 (0.08) | 3.46*** | 0.27 (0.02) | 12.77*** | ||||||||
| DE: IDE | −0.02 (0.02) | −1.05 | ||||||||||||
| DE: VE | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.56 | ||||||||||||
| IDE: VE | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.53 | ||||||||||||
| Connection with nature | ||||||||||||||
| Cognitive | 0.28 (0.05) | 6.08*** | 0.12 (0.04) | 3.18** | ||||||||||
| Emotional | 0.62 (0.04) | 16.50*** | 0.26 (0.03) | 7.69*** | ||||||||||
| R2 (fixed variables) | 0.022 | 0.354 | 0.283 | 0.358 | 0.455 | 0.249 | 0.491 | |||||||
| R2 (Total) | 0.070 | 0.393 | 0.326 | 0.372 | 0.485 | 0.269 | 0.504 | |||||||
Notes:
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.
Variable default Settings: Age (Default = 10), Location (Default = Xishuangbanna). B = standardized beta coefficients, SE = standard error.