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. 2023 May 26;15(5):e39516. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39516

Table 2. Newcastle-Ottawa scale .

Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the quality of non-randomised studies

* = reflects the quality of each section. The possible total points are 4 points for Selection, 2 points for Comparability, and 3 points for Outcomes

Study Selection Comparability Exposure
Liang [10] *** ** ***
Brougton [11] *** ** ***
Piitulainen [12] ** * ***