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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Interpers Violence. 2022 Nov 7;38(9-10):6500–6522. doi: 10.1177/08862605221134645

Table 1.

Models of Past-Year IPVAW on Independent and Joint Effects of Partner Alcohol Use and Acceptance of IPVAW in 19 Low- and Middle-Income Countries (n = 166,621), 2010 to 2017.

Total effect Effect of partner alcohol use, acceptance of IPVAW, and their interaction on IPVAW (across individual and community levels)
Individual effect Effect of individual partner alcohol use, acceptance of IPVAW, and their interaction on IPVAW within a given community
Community effect Effect of community prevalence of partner alcohol use, acceptance of IPVAW, and their interaction on IPVAW
Contextual effect Effectively compares two women with similar partner alcohol use and attitudes accepting IPVAW, but who live in separate communities with a 10% difference in risk factor prevalence

Note. IPVAW = intimate partner violence against women.