Structured Graphical Abstract.

This study investigated the effectiveness of SGLT2i vs. sitagliptin in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. Initiation of SGLT2i vs. sitagliptin was associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome and its individual components all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent visit requiring intravenous diuretics, with no evidence of heterogeneity across the SGLT2i class or across ejection fraction. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.