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SPM receptors and SPM actions on macrophages, microglia, and neutrophils. (a) SPMs receptors for resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins. SPMs signal through GPCRs and multiple SPMs share the same receptors. (b) SPMs activate their respective receptors (GPCRs) to regulate the function of macrophages, microglia, and neutrophils and produce anti-inflammatory and pre-resolving effects. Abbreviation: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
