Table-1.

Beneficial effects of synthetic SPMs in the control of pain, itch, and inflammatory diseases. SPMs reduce pathological pain and itch in animal disease models and human diseases. SPMs also control disease progression in other inflammatory disorders in animal models. Abbreviations: IT, intrathecal, IP, intraperitoneal, IPL, intraplantar, IV, intravenous.

Pain/itch models	SPMs	Species/Route	Effects	References
Inflammatory pain
Capsaicin {TRPV1)	RvE1, RvD2/D3, MaR1, NPD1	mice, IPL	Spontaneous pain ↓	55, 58, 59
Mustard oil (TPA1)	RvD1, RvD2	mice, IPL	Spontaneous pain ↓	57, 58,
Formalin	RvE1, NPD1, RvD5	mice, IT	Spontaneous pain ↓	55, 59, 84
Carrageenan	RvD1, RvE1, LXA4, LXB4	mice/rats IT, IV	Heat and mechanical pain ↓	55, 68
CFA	RvD1, RvD2, RvE1, NPD1	mice, IT	Heat hyperalgesia ↓	55, 58, 59
Visceral pain	RvD2	mice, rats, IP	Visceral pain ↓	60
Bladder pain	RvD2	rats, IT	Mechanical pain ↓	71
Low back pain	LXA4, MaR1	rats, IT	Mechanical pain ↓	72, 73
Vulvodynia	MaR1	mice, topical	Mechanical pain ↓	65
Osteoarthris	17{R)-HDHA, AT-RvD1	rats / IP	Spontaneous & mechanical pain ↓	41, 61
Rheumatoid arthritis	MaR1, AT-RvD1	mice/rats, IP	Mechanical pain ↓	63, 64
Neuropathic pain
Nerve injury (CCI)	RvE1, MaR1, NPD1	mice, IT	Mechanical and heat pain ↓	83, 87. 88
Spinal cord injury	LXA4	mice, IT	Mechanical allodynia ↓	86
Chemotherapy	RvD1, RvD2, MaR1	mice, IT	Mechanical allodynia ↓	84
Diabetic neuropathy	3-oxa-PD1n-3 DPA	mice, IT	Mechanical allodynia ↓	85
Post-operative pain
Muscle retraction	RvD1, RvE1	rats, IT	Mechanical allodynia ↓	78
Thoracotomy	RvD1, RvD2	rats, IT	Mechanical and nocifensive pain ↓	79
Tibial bone fracture	RvD1, RvD2, MaR1	mice, IV, IT	Mechanical pain ↓	46
Cancer pain
Oral cancer pain	RvD2	mice, IP,	Mechanical $ spontaneous pain ↓	96
Bone cancer pain	RvD1, RvE1	mice, IT	Mechanical and thermal pain ↓	95
Dermatitis and itch
Eczema	LXA4	human, topic	Infantile eczema severely ↓	128
Psoriasiform itch	RvD3	mice, topic	scratching ↓	124
Cancer itch	3-oxa-PD1n-3 DPA	mice, IT	scratching ↓	85

Inflammatory diseases	SPMs	Species/Route	Effects	References
Allergy	RvE1, RvD1	mice, IP	Decreased allergic airway inflammation	31
Colitis	RvE1, RvD5	mice, IP	Reduced neutrophil recruitment & increased survival	31, 41
Lung injury	RvE1	mice, IP	Inhibited acute lung injury & bacterial pneumonia	31, 41
Peritonitis	RvD1/D2	mice, IP	Reduced neutrophil recruitment & alveolar bone loss	31, 41
Infection/sepsis	RvD2, NPD1, MaR1	mice, IP	Inhibited sepsis and increased survival	31, 34, 41
Kidney injury	RvD1	mice, IP	Increased Treg cells & alleviated renal tubular injury	31, 41
Alzheimer’s disease	RvE1, LXA4	mice, IP	Inhibited glial activation and neuroinflammation	41, 146