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. 2023 Jun 25;12:156. doi: 10.1038/s41377-023-01195-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Microscope image of the fabricated on-chip spectrometer in a 7-stage design. b–d Enlarged views of a 2 × 2 thermo-optic MZI, interconnected waveguide shuffle, and a pair of MRRs, respectively. e Photograph of the photonic chip wire bonded to a customized PCB board with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) placed underneath. f The coupling facet between the edge couplers and the UHNA fiber array