Table 1.
Current biological agents in “Type-2 high” asthma.
| Related cell | Therapeutic Target | Biologic Agent | FDA approved | Route of Administration and Dose |
Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial cells | TSLP | Tezepelumab | Yes | SC; 210 mg every 4 wks | Reduced exacerbations and AHR; decreased eosinophilic inflammation; Improved lung function and quality of life |
| TSLP | Ecleralimab | No | Inhal; 4mg qd | attenuated bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation | |
| IL-33 | Itepekimab | No | SC; 300mg every 2 wks | Reduced exacerbations; decreased eosinophilic inflammation; improved lung function | |
| IL-33/ST2 | Astegolimab | No | SC; 70-490mg every 4 wks | Reduced exacerbations | |
| Th2 cell | IL-5 | Mepolizumab | Yes | IV; 75mg every 4 wks SC;100mg every 4 wks |
Reduced exacerbations; Improved quality of life, lung function, and markers of asthma control |
| IL-5 | Reslizumab | Yes | IV; 3.0mg/kg every 4 wks | Reduced exacerbations and daily maintenance OCS; | |
| IL-5R | Benralizumab | Yes | SC; 30mg every 4 wks | Reduced exacerbations and daily maintenance OCS; Improved lung function (in part study), and symptoms | |
| IL-4 | Pascolizumab | No | N/A | N/A | |
| IL-13 | lebrikizumab | No | SC; 37.5 mg or 125 mg every 4 wks | Unsatisfactory (Inconsistent across studies) | |
| IL-13 | Tralokinumab | No | SC; 300 mg every 2 wks | Unsatisfactory (Inconsistent across studies) | |
| IL-4 and IL-13 | Dupilumab | Yes | SC; 200 or 300mg every 2 wks | Reduced exacerbations; Improved lung function and asthma control; suppressed type 2 inflammatory biomarkers | |
| TFH cell | IgE | Omalizumab | Yes | SC; 75 to 375 mg every 2 to 4 wks (based on body weight and pretreatment level of serum total IgE) | Reduced exacerbations, improved quality of life, lung function, and asthma control |
| Th9 cell | IL-9 | MEDI-528 | No | SC; 30-300 mg every 2 wks | Unsatisfactory |