Table 2.

Anti-hyperuricemic effect of flavonoids from different sources.

Source	Active ingredient	Model	Dose	Mechanism	References
Ginkgo biloba leaves	Quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin	XOD model in vitro	\	↓ XOD activity	(110)
Sophora japonica	Isorhamnetin	PO and hypoxanthine induced HUA mice	50, 100, and 150 mg/kg	↓UA, XOD activity, CR, BUN	(49)
Cyclocarya paliurus	Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside	PO induced HUA mice	0.378 and 1.140 g/kg	↓UA, XOD activity, NLRP3 and IL-1β	(100)
Aspalathus linearis	Quercetin	Human embryonic kidney 293-derived 293A cells	\	↓ URAT1	(45)
Sophora japonica flower bud	Hydroxygenkwanin, Genistein, Tectorigenin, Kaempferol, Sophoricoside and Quercetin	PO and hypoxanthine induced HUA mice	100 mg/kg	↓UA, XOD activity and BUN	(111)
Sophora japonica	Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin	XOD and ADA model in vitro	0.025 mg/mL to 1.0 mg/mL	↓ XOD and ADA activity	(112)
Corn silk	Apigenin-6-C-glucoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin-3′,7-di-O-glucoside, and naringenin	PO induced HUA mice	20 mg/kg	↓ UA and XOD activity	(91)
Fagopyrum tataricum	Quercetin and kaempferol	XOD model in vitro	\	↓ XOD activity	(113)