Table 1.
Characteristics of the most commonly used NNSs.
| Acesulfame K+ | Aspartame | Saccharine | Sucralose | Steviol glucosides | Cyclamate Na+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ADI (mg/kg) | 15 | 40 | 5 | 15 | 4 | 7 |
| Sweetness (% to sucrose) | 160–220 | 180–200 | ∼300 | ∼600 | 150–300 | 30–50 |
| Absorption/Metabolism | 99% absorbed but not metabolized | Hydrolyzed by enterocyte brush border peptidases to Phe, Asp, methanol | Slowly absorbed and rapidly excreted. Not metabolized | 15%–25% is absorbed and excreted in urine. About 7% could be stored in adipose tissue | Not absorbed. Deglycosylated by the colonic microbiota with release of steviol that can be absorbed | 30% is absorbed and excreted in urine |
| Caloric value (kcal/g) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ADI, acceptable daily intake.