Table 1.
Color contrast between spiders and ants from different predator perspectives
Visual system | Comparison | Color contrast (JND) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jumping spider | DCG | DCR | DAR | DAB | DEB | DEG | ||
Female golden morph | Crematogaster egidyi | 6.38 ± 0.31 | 7.00 ± 0.31 | 9.25 ± 0.71 | 4.44 ± 0.31 | 3.32 ± 0.81 | 8.25 ± 0.81 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 5.82 ± 0.31 | 7.57 ± 0.31 | 10.83 ± 0.71 | 4.36 ± 0.31 | 3.95 ± 0.81 | 8.80 ± 0.71 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 6.83 ± 0.51 | 11.15 ± 0.61 | 10.78 ± 0.71 | 3.15 ± 0.31 | 3.23 ± 0.71 | 7.45 ± 0.81 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 5.35 ± 0.31 | 7.86 ± 0.71 | 9.05 ± 0.71 | 3.33 ± 0.21 | 4.46 ± 0.51 | 6.09 ± 0.61 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 5.01 ± 0.41 | 7.51 ± 0.61 | 8.12 ± 0.71 | 3.45 ± 0.31 | 5.59 ± 0.51 | 3.96 ± 0.61 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 2.44 ± 0.20 | 5.09 ± 0.68 | 6.32 ± 0.47 | 5.48 ± 0.37 | 4.31 ± 0.61 | 3.00 ± 0.43 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 5.40 ± 0.49 | 10.26 ± 0.72 | 6.11 ± 0.62 | 10.95 ± 0.33 | 5.76 ± 0.44 | 3.66 ± 0.42 | ||
Female red morph | Crematogaster egidyi | 6.81 ± 0.21 | 11.26 ± 0.81 | 19.30 ± 1.31 | 4.85 ± 0.31 | 4.70 ± 0.81 | 9.67 ± 0.71 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 6.22 ± 0.21 | 11.49 ± 0.81 | 21.13 ± 1.31 | 4.71 ± 0.41 | 5.61 ± 0.81 | 10.21 ± 0.71 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 7.52 ± 0.31 | 17.17 ± 0.81 | 21.19 ± 1.31 | 3.39 ± 0.31 | 4.03 ± 0.81 | 8.79 ± 0.71 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 5.84 ± 0.31 | 14.66 ± 0.81 | 19.58 ± 1.21 | 3.58 ± 0.21 | 4.09 ± 0.41 | 7.00 ± 0.51 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 5.54 ± 0.31 | 13.76 ± 0.81 | 18.62 ± 1.21 | 3.94 ± 0.41 | 3.68 ± 0.41 | 4.73 ± 0.61 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 2.31 ± 0.20 | 11.87 ± 0.80 | 16.40 ± 1.18 | 5.91 ± 0.58 | 3.23 ± 0.49 | 3.39 ± 0.50 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 6.08 ± 0.37 | 16.70 ± 0.86 | 16.51 ± 1.25 | 11.12 ± 0.58 | 4.37 ± 0.27 | 3.90 ± 0.47 | ||
Male | Crematogaster egidyi | 7.53 ± 0.61 | 17.23 ± 0.91 | 24.90 ± 0.41 | 5.61 ± 0.31 | 18.79 ± 1.51 | 2.95 ± 0.41 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 6.96 ± 0.61 | 17.43 ± 0.81 | 26.77 ± 0.41 | 3.91 ± 0.31 | 19.00 ± 1.51 | 3.77 ± 0.41 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 8.36 ± 0.71 | 23.15 ± 0.91 | 26.90 ± 0.41 | 4.41 ± 0.41 | 18.22 ± 1.51 | 2.67 ± 0.31 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 6.63 ± 0.61 | 20.49 ± 0.91 | 25.39 ± 0.41 | 5.29 ± 0.41 | 16.41 ± 1.41 | 3.99 ± 0.21 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 6.33 ± 0.71 | 19.69 ± 0.91 | 24.40 ± 0.41 | 7.99 ± 0.41 | 14.50 ± 1.41 | 5.20 ± 0.51 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 3.13 ± 0.37 | 17.39 ± 1.01 | 22.30 ± 0.42 | 10.52 ± 0.49 | 16.00 ± 1.53 | 6.87 ± 0.60 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 6.91 ± 0.76 | 22.66 ± 0.94 | 22.33 ± 0.44 | 16.60 ± 0.49 | 14.43 ± 1.42 | 6.57 ± 0.59 | ||
Mantis | DCG | DCR | DAR | DAB | DEB | DEG | ||
Female golden morph | Crematogaster egidyi | 8.26 ± 1.36 | 15.73 ± 1.56 | 30.95 ± 1.56 | 28.75 ± 2.26 | 27.29 ± 3.09 | 23.67 ± 1.57 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 4.31 ± 0.58 | 7.21 ± 0.56 | 22.04 ± 1.56 | 33.51 ± 2.26 | 17.09 ± 2.43 | 34.88 ± 1.57 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 22.10 ± 1.42 | 30.83 ± 1.57 | 30.85 ± 1.56 | 22.67 ± 2.26 | 36.84 ± 3.15 | 14.12 ± 1.53 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 20.91 ± 1.33 | 11.44 ± 1.13 | 18.68 ± 1.54 | 36.52 ± 2.26 | 18.74 ± 2.19 | 34.31 ± 1.57 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 7.47 ± 0.95 | 6.50 ± 1.00 | 8.31 ± 0.95 | 7.66 ± 0.52 | 42.12 ± 3.15 | 11.11 ± 1.02 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 9.93 ± 0.52 | 5.31 ± 0.61 | 13.62 ± 0.64 | 3.50 ± 0.47 | 31.39 ± 1.03 | 2.56 ± 0.30 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 5.19 ± 0.52 | 13.39 ± 0.64 | 5.13 ± 0.43 | 3.65 ± 0.55 | 18.23 ± 1.03 | 3.48 ± 0.10 | ||
Female red morph | Crematogaster egidyi | 9.58 ± 1.09 | 24.42 ± 1.62 | 28.39 ± 2.04 | 27.90 ± 1.81 | 28.69 ± 3.09 | 27.97 ± 3.24 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 4.37 ± 0.59 | 13.64 ± 1.57 | 19.65 ± 1.96 | 32.64 ± 1.83 | 17.96 ± 2.87 | 39.13 ± 3.28 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 23.54 ± 1.10 | 39.53 ± 1.62 | 28.29 ± 2.04 | 21.79 ± 1.83 | 38.33 ± 3.09 | 18.89 ± 2.94 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 22.18 ± 1.07 | 19.31 ± 1.62 | 16.50 ± 1.84 | 35.64 ± 1.83 | 19.61 ± 2.63 | 38.56 ± 3.28 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 6.33 ± 0.65 | 7.02 ± 0.81 | 8.17 ± 0.71 | 7.30 ± 0.51 | 43.61 ± 3.09 | 15.59 ± 2.26 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 9.65 ± 0.31 | 8.39 ± 0.88 | 21.59 ± 1.09 | 3.32 ± 0.25 | 32.86 ± 0.88 | 3.49 ± 0.56 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 5.46 ± 0.31 | 16.51 ± 0.90 | 12.35 ± 1.09 | 3.20 ± 0.32 | 19.70 ± 0.88 | 4.07 ± 0.40 | ||
Male | Crematogaster egidyi | 10.15 ± 0.74 | 23.25 ± 1.44 | 31.56 ± 0.92 | 40.97 ± 1.87 | 20.30 ± 2.92 | 18.30 ± 2.33 | |
Meranoplus bicolor | 4.25 ± 0.47 | 12.65 ± 1.28 | 22.65 ± 0.92 | 45.75 ± 1.87 | 30.14 ± 3.60 | 10.43 ± 1.24 | ||
Technomyrmex sp. | 24.15 ± 0.74 | 38.36 ± 1.44 | 31.46 ± 0.92 | 34.90 ± 1.87 | 14.28 ± 1.85 | 27.64 ± 2.47 | ||
Polyrhachis jianghuaensis | 22.73 ± 0.73 | 18.19 ± 1.41 | 19.25 ± 0.92 | 48.75 ± 1.87 | 29.84 ± 3.44 | 12.76 ± 1.17 | ||
Polyrhachis dives | 5.80 ± 0.40 | 6.72 ± 0.45 | 8.13 ± 0.51 | 13.29 ± 1.66 | 12.98 ± 1.43 | 32.82 ± 2.54 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor female | 9.51 ± 0.33 | 12.40 ± 1.13 | 25.55 ± 0.48 | 7.93 ± 0.69 | 24.12 ± 0.82 | 14.24 ± 1.02 | ||
Phintelloides versicolor male | 5.60 ± 0.33 | 20.55 ± 1.13 | 16.32 ± 0.48 | 2.99 ± 0.39 | 10.96 ± 0.82 | 14.11 ± 1.02 |
Note: Data are presented as means ± standard errors. Color contrast values >3 JND suggest increasingly distinguishable colors, while values ≤3 indicate low discriminability of the colors for a given visual system.
See also Figures 4 and S4 in the supplemental information.