Table 3.
Women's and men's empowerment at baseline.
| Control |
Treatment |
p-value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | n | Mean | n | ||
| Aggregate empowerment indicators | |||||
| Empowerment score (woman) | 0.52 | 754 | 0.51 | 721 | 0.105 |
| Empowerment score (man) | 0.68 | 634 | 0.69 | 657 | 0.090 |
| Empowered (woman) | 0.12 | 754 | 0.09 | 721 | 0.029* |
| Empowered (man) | 0.43 | 634 | 0.47 | 657 | 0.187 |
| Empowerment gap (household) | 0.17 | 610 | 0.18 | 627 | 0.113 |
| Gender parity (household) | 0.28 | 610 | 0.24 | 627 | 0.099 |
| Core pro-WEAI indicators (binary) | |||||
| Autonomy in income (woman) | 0.58 | 885 | 0.57 | 871 | 0.631 |
| Autonomy in income (man) | 0.68 | 777 | 0.68 | 773 | 0.798 |
| Self-efficacy (woman) | 0.45 | 885 | 0.43 | 871 | 0.273 |
| Self-efficacy (man) | 0.59 | 777 | 0.63 | 773 | 0.092 |
| Attitudes about IPV (woman) | 0.52 | 885 | 0.55 | 871 | 0.222 |
| Attitudes about IPV (man) | 0.66 | 777 | 0.71 | 773 | 0.038* |
| Respect among household members (woman) | 0.64 | 854 | 0.68 | 844 | 0.118 |
| Respect among household members (man) | 0.71 | 732 | 0.71 | 767 | 0.966 |
| Input in productive decisions (woman) | 0.79 | 885 | 0.80 | 871 | 0.471 |
| Input in productive decisions (man) | 0.96 | 777 | 0.95 | 773 | 0.109 |
| Ownership of land and other assets (woman) | 0.83 | 885 | 0.84 | 871 | 0.346 |
| Ownership of land and other assets (man) | 0.99 | 777 | 0.99 | 773 | 0.443 |
| Access to and decisions on financial services (woman) | 0.20 | 885 | 0.21 | 871 | 0.866 |
| Access to and decisions on financial services (man) | 0.38 | 777 | 0.45 | 773 | 0.007* |
| Control over use of income (woman) | 0.67 | 885 | 0.67 | 871 | 0.905 |
| Control over use of income (man) | 0.87 | 777 | 0.87 | 773 | 0.850 |
| Work balance (woman) | 0.31 | 782 | 0.31 | 746 | 0.865 |
| Work balance (man) | 0.76 | 679 | 0.74 | 663 | 0.313 |
| Visiting important locations (woman) | 0.51 | 885 | 0.55 | 871 | 0.175 |
| Visiting important locations (man) | 0.73 | 777 | 0.74 | 773 | 0.688 |
| Group membership (woman) | 0.40 | 885 | 0.29 | 871 | <0.001* |
| Group membership (man) | 0.44 | 777 | 0.43 | 773 | 0.565 |
| Membership in influential groups (woman) | 0.30 | 885 | 0.24 | 871 | 0.007* |
| Membership in influential groups (man) | 0.37 | 777 | 0.40 | 773 | 0.333 |
| Core pro-WEAI indicators (count) | |||||
| New General Self-Efficacy score (woman) | 28.20 | 885 | 28.05 | 871 | 0.589 |
| New General Self-Efficacy score (man) | 29.67 | 777 | 30.43 | 773 | 0.008* |
| Number of violence situations (woman) | 3.61 | 885 | 3.54 | 871 | 0.372 |
| Number of violence situations (man) | 4.17 | 777 | 4.25 | 773 | 0.238 |
| Number of production decisions (woman) | 6.66 | 859 | 6.74 | 845 | 0.780 |
| Number of production decisions (man) | 15.06 | 767 | 14.49 | 758 | 0.100 |
| Number of assets owned (woman) | 3.49 | 885 | 3.64 | 871 | 0.120 |
| Number of assets owned (man) | 6.87 | 777 | 6.98 | 773 | 0.309 |
| Number of credit sources (woman) | 0.22 | 885 | 0.22 | 871 | 0.890 |
| Number of credit sources (man) | 0.48 | 777 | 0.56 | 773 | 0.024* |
| Number of income decisions (woman) | 6.25 | 885 | 6.41 | 871 | 0.583 |
| Number of income decisions (man) | 14.82 | 777 | 14.21 | 773 | 0.087 |
| Hours spent on work (woman) | 6.43 | 782 | 6.93 | 746 | 0.006* |
| Hours spent on work (man) | 4.77 | 679 | 5.26 | 663 | 0.037* |
| Number of visit locations (woman) | 1.51 | 885 | 1.56 | 871 | 0.332 |
| Number of visit locations (man) | 2.24 | 777 | 2.28 | 774 | 0.566 |
| Number of groups (woman) | 0.55 | 885 | 0.39 | 871 | <0.001* |
| Number of groups (man) | 0.65 | 777 | 0.59 | 773 | 0.163 |
| Number of influential groups (woman) | 0.42 | 885 | 0.32 | 871 | 0.003* |
| Number of influential groups (man) | 0.54 | 777 | 0.54 | 773 | 0.996 |
| Poultry-specific empowerment indicators | |||||
| Decisions on poultry production (woman) | 2.70 | 536 | 2.92 | 524 | 0.106 |
| Decisions on poultry production (man) | 5.35 | 710 | 5.16 | 695 | 0.005* |
| Owns poultry (woman) | 0.24 | 885 | 0.24 | 871 | 0.641 |
| Owns poultry (man) | 0.90 | 777 | 0.90 | 773 | 0.839 |
| Decisions on poultry income (woman) | 2.57 | 536 | 2.84 | 524 | 0.057 |
| Decisions on poultry income (man) | 5.31 | 710 | 5.11 | 695 | 0.006* |
| Hours on poultry work (woman) | 0.04 | 782 | 0.02 | 746 | 0.396 |
| Hours on poultry work (man) | 0.38 | 679 | 0.33 | 663 | 0.412 |
| Indicators of nutrition and health agency | |||||
| Decides on own health and diet (woman) | 0.62 | 884 | 0.54 | 871 | <0.001* |
| Decides on health and diet during pregnancy (woman) | 0.72 | 414 | 0.78 | 393 | 0.077 |
| Decides on child's diet (woman) | 0.81 | 884 | 0.80 | 871 | 0.526 |
| Decides on weaning and breastfeeding (woman) | 0.97 | 318 | 0.95 | 307 | 0.483 |
| Decides on seeking healthcare (woman) | 0.85 | 764 | 0.85 | 742 | 0.755 |
| Decides on purchasing food and health products (woman) | 0.06 | 890 | 0.05 | 873 | 0.092 |
| Access to food and health products (woman) | 0.31 | 890 | 0.37 | 873 | <0.001* |
| *p < 0.05 | |||||